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- 2011.12.16 (영어단어) 토플 필수어휘 900개
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(영어단어) 토플 필수어휘 900개
[단어&숙어]/단어
2011. 12. 16. 13:14
토플 필수어휘 900개
| abashed | 겸연쩍어하는 (ashamed, embarrassed ↔ proud) |
| abdomen | 아랫배, 배 (belly) |
| abduct | 유괴하다, 납치하다 (carry away, kidnap) |
| abhor | 몹시 싫어하다 (hate, detest, shrink from ↔ love, delight in ; desire) |
| abject | 천한; 비참한 (miserable, wretched, mean ↔ hopeful) |
| ablaze | 빛나서; 타올라서 (radiant, gleaming) |
| abolish | 폐지하다 (do away with, end, eliminate ↔ establish) |
| abominate | 증오하다 (detest, hate, abhor ↔ respect) |
| abrupt | 갑작스런 (sudden, hasty, unexpected ↔ gradual) |
| abscond | 몰래 도망가다 (flee, depart suddenly, take flight) |
| absolute | 무조건의 (unrestricted, unconditional ↔ restrained) |
| absolve | 용서하다 (set free, relieve) |
| absorb | 흡수하다 (soak up, take up ↔ exude) |
| abstain | 삼가다 (forbear, desist ↔ indulge in, abandon oneself to) |
| abstract | 추상적인 (imaginary, theoretical ↔ concrete) |
| absurd | 불합리한, 바보 같은 (unreasonable, ridiculous, foolish ↔ logical) |
| abundant | 충분한, 풍부한 (plentiful, sufficient, enough, lavish, galore ↔ insufficient,scant) |
| accede | 동의하다 (agree to, assent to, consent to, comply with, grant, acquiesce, concede) |
| accelerate | 가속하다 (go faster, pick up speed ↔ slow) |
| accomplice | 공범자 (confederate, associate) |
| accord | 일치하다 ( agree, concur, conform ↔ discord) |
| accumulate | 모으다 (gather together, pile up, collect ↔ scatter, disperse) |
| acquiesce | 잠자코 인정하다 (consent, agree, assent, accede, allow ↔ resist) |
| acrid | 매운, 쓴 (burning, biting, bitter) |
| acronym | 약성어, 두문자어 |
| activist | 행동주의자, 활동가 |
| acute | 날카로운 (sharp, keen, sensitive ↔ obtuse, dull) |
| adapt | 적응시키다 (adjust, suit, fit) |
| adequate | 충분한 (sufficient ↔ imperfect) |
| adjacent | 이웃의 (next to, beside, neighboring, touching ↔ far(remote) from) |
| adjourn | 연기하다 (recess, put off, dismiss ↔ convene, be in session) |
| adjust | 적응시키다 (fix, settle) |
| admirable | 칭찬할 만한 (praiseworthy ↔ deplorable) |
| admit | 허가하다 (let in, allow to enter, give access to ↔ keep out) |
| admonish | 훈계하다 (reprove, advise ↔ praise) |
| adolescent | 청년의, 청춘의 (youth, growing, immature ↔ adult) |
| adorn | 장식하다 (decorate, make beautiful, deck ↔ strip, simplify) |
| adverse | 반대의 (opposed, contrary) |
| advocate | 주장(옹호)하다 (support, recommend ↔ oppose) |
| affluent | 부유한, 풍부한 (rich, wealthy, prosperous, abundant ↔ poor, impoverished) |
| affront | 모욕 (offend, cause or give umbrage to, insult ↔ pamper, flatter) |
| aglow | 빛나서; 불타고; 흥분하여 (shining brightly, in a glow) |
| agree | 동의하다 (assent, consent, accede, admit ↔ dissent) |
| alienate | 멀리하다 (estrange, separate, turn away ↔ conjoin, make friendly) |
| allegiance | 충성, 충절 (loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, devotion ↔ disloyalty) |
| alleviate | 완화하다, 덜다 (relieve, allay, lessen, reduce ↔ make worse, increase) |
| alliance | 동맹 (association, friendly union, partnership, federation ↔ separation) |
| amateur | 애호가 (nonprofessional, unskillfulness, admirer ↔ expert |
| ambidextrous | 양손잡이의 (able to use the left or right hand equally well) |
| ambient | 포위한 (surrounding) |
| ambiguous | 애매한 (equivocal, vague, indefinite, unclear, obscure) |
| ambitious | 야심적인 (aspiring, zealous, energetic ↔ lazy, modest) |
| ambivalent | 반대 감정이 양립하는 (conflicting, contradictory, opposing↔definite, positive) |
| amenable | 복종하는, 복종할 의무가 있는 (obedient, legally responsible, submissive) |
| amiable | 귀염성 있는 (friendly, agreeable, amicable, lovable) |
| amicability | 우호, 친선 (friendliness, amiability ↔ hostility) |
| amity | 친목, 친선 (friendship ; a peaceful relationship) |
| amnesia | 기억상실증 (loss of memory) |
| amnesty | 대사 (general pardon, pardon for past offenses) |
| amphibia | 양서류 |
| amphibious | 수륙양서의 |
| amphibolous | 뜻이 모호한 |
| amplify | 확대하다 (make large, increase, expand ↔ reduce) |
| anachronism | 시대에 뒤진 (a mistake in time order) |
| anatomy | 해부, 분해 |
| animosity | 악의, 증오 (ill will, enmity, malice, antagonism) |
| ankle | 발목 |
| anonym | 익명(자), 무명씨 (pseudonym) |
| antagonize | 적대하다 (oppose) |
| antibody | 항체 |
| anticipate | 예상하다, 앞서다 (expect, look forward to, predict) |
| antidote | 해독제 (antipoison, antitoxin) |
| antifebrile | 해열제 |
| antifriction | 감마재 |
| antipathy | 반감, 질색 (dislike, aversion, enmity ↔ sympathy) |
| antipode | 정반대의 것 |
| antique | 옛날의 (ancient ↔ modern) |
| antiseptic | 방부제 |
| antithesis | 대조 |
| apology | 사고, 변명 (begging, pardon, vindication, defense) |
| appease | 누그러뜨리다 (calm, make peaceful, quiet) |
| appraise | 값을 매기다, 평가하다 (value, estimate to be worth) |
| apprehensive | 염려하는 (fearful, uneasy, worried) |
| apprentice | 초심자, 견습공 (learner, beginner, novice, indentured assistant, tyro,↔ expert) |
| argue | 논하다 (discuss, debate, dispute ↔ agree) |
| aristocracy | 귀족정치 |
| armistice | 휴전, 정전 (truce ↔ attack) |
| armor, armour | 갑옷과 투구 |
| aromatic | 향기로운; 향료 (fragrant) |
| artillerist | 포수 |
| artillery | 포병 |
| assault | 습격 (attack, aggression, assailing, offense, invasion ↔ defense, resistance) |
| assign | 할당하다 (allot) |
| assumption | 가정 (belief, supposition) |
| astrology | 점성술, 점성학 |
| at odds | 다투고 (disagreement) |
| attractive | 매력적인 (charming, alluring, pretty, pleasing) |
| attribute(to) | ∼의 원인으로 돌리다 (ascribe) |
| audacious | 대담한 (bold, fearless, courageous) |
| audibility | 들을 수 있음 (ceptibility ↔ inaudibility) |
| audiovisual | 시청각의 |
| audition | 청력 [연기테스트] (hearing) |
| augment | 증대시키다 (increase, make or become greater, add to, enlarge ↔ decrease) |
| authentic | 믿을만한 (trustworthy, reliable ↔ unfaithful) |
| autocracy | 독재정치 (absolute rule by an individual ; tyranny ↔ democracy) |
| automatograph | 자동운동기록기 |
| automaton | 자동장치 |
| autonomy | 자치권의 (self-government, sovereignty ↔ dependency ; colonial status) |
| autopsy | 검시하다 (postmortem examination) |
| avert | 돌리다, 피하다 (ward off, avoid, prevent) |
| avid | 욕심많은 (eager, greedy, desirous;covetous ↔ unconcerned) |
| avocation | 취미, 부업 (hobby, secondary occupation, recreation ↔ vocation) |
| backbone | 등뼈, 척추 (spine, spinal or vertebral column) |
| bald | 대머리의 (hairless) |
| barracks | 막사, 병영 |
| battle | 전쟁 싸우다 (war, struggle, combat) |
| beard | 턱수염 (whiskers, bristles, stubble) |
| beneficiary | 수혜자 (inheritor, legatee, receiver) |
| benevolence | 자비심 (benefaction, good will, kindness, generosity, charity) |
| benign | 인자한 (gracious, kindly, benignant ↔ unkind) |
| biology | 생물학 |
| bleak | 황량한 (bare, barren, desolate ↔ forested, sheltered) |
| blizzard | 눈보라, 폭풍설 (blinding snowstorm) |
| blunt | 무딘 (dull, unsharpened ↔ sharp) |
| bombard | 폭격하다 (attack with artillery or bombs, rain explosion upon) |
| brag | 자랑하다 (boast, extol oneself, vaunt, crow ↔ be humble) |
| brawl | 말다툼하다 (fight, wrangle, noisy quarrel, clash, dispute) |
| breach | 갈라진 틈 (rent, rift) |
| brisk | 활발한 (quick, swift, lively, active) |
| bruise | 타박상을 내다 (contusion, injury, black mark, blemish, damage) |
| brusque | 퉁명스런 (blunt, abrupt, curt, unkind, rude, impolite ↔ genial, gentle, civil) |
| brutal | 짐승의, 야만적인 (cruel, savage, barbarous ↔ gentle, merciful) |
| bulk | 크기, 용적, 부피 (size, volume, mass) |
| bureaucracy | 관료정치 (government by groups of officials) |
| burrow | (여우등이 숨는)굴 (hole, den) |
| cancer | 암, 암종 (malignant tumor, carcinoma, neoplasm) |
| capitulation | 조건부항복 (conditional surrender) |
| capricious | 변덕스러운 (changeable, mercurial, impulsive ↔ inflexible) |
| captive | 포로 (prisoner, pow, hostage ↔ captor) |
| characteristic | 특징, 특성 (attribute, trait,distinguishing feature) |
| chaste | 정숙한 (virtuous, virginal, pure ↔ wanton) |
| chide | 꾸짖다 (admonish, rebuke, reprimand, reprove, censure, reproach, scold) |
| chronic | 만성의 (habitual, constant, continuous ↔ temporary) |
| chronicle | 연대기 (historical, account of events in the order of time) |
| chronology | 연대학 (arrangement of the data or events in order time of occurrence) |
| circuitous | 우회하는 (round-about ↔ direct) |
| circumscribe | 경계선을 긋다 (draw a line around, circle) |
| circumspect | 신중한 (cautious, attentive ↔ careless) |
| circumstance | 사건, 사실 (fact, event) |
| circumvent | 선수치다 (outwit, thwart, frustrate) |
| clandestine | 은밀한, 비밀의 (secret, furtive) |
| clap | 박수갈채하다 (applaud ↔ boo) |
| coarse | 거친, 굵은 (rough, harsh ↔ fine, soft) |
| coax | 구슬리다, 어르다 (cajole, wheedle, blandish, flatter, talk into ↔ intimidate, threaten) |
| coerce | 강요하다 (force, compel, press, oblige ↔ free, coax) |
| cognition | 인식; 지식 (recognition) |
| coincide | 동시에 일어나다 (meet, come together, occur simultaneously ↔ diverge) |
| collaborate | 공동으로 일하다 (work together, cooperate) |
| colleague | 동료 (confrere, associate ; partner, fellow worker ↔ rival) |
| collision | 충돌 (clash, conflict) |
| collusion | 결탁, 공모 (secret agreement, conspiracy) |
| combine | 결합하다 (unite, bring together, merge ↔ divide, separate) |
| commend | 맡기다 (entrust ↔ withhold) |
| competent | 유능한 (capable) |
| compile | 편집하다 (collect, assemble, bring together ↔ distribute) |
| compliment | 칭찬하다 (praise, commend ↔ insult, condemn) |
| component | 구성하고 있는, 성분의 (composing, constituent) |
| compose | 구성하다 (make up, form) |
| composure | 침착, 태연 |
| comprehension | 이해 (understanding, grasp) |
| concede | 용인하다 (grant, admit, agree, acknowledge ↔ deny, reject) |
| concentration | 집중 (mass, collection, aggregation ↔ scattering) |
| conciliate | 달래다, 위로하다 (pacify, win over) |
| conclusive | 결정적인 (final, decisive, unquestionable) |
| concoct | 섞어만들다 (cook up, mix) |
| concord | 일치 (agreement, harmony ↔ discord, disagreement) |
| concurrence | 일치 (agreement, assent ↔ dissent) |
| condemn | 비난하다 (censure, disapprove of, blame, criticize ↔ praise, compliment) |
| condone | 용서하다 (forgive, overlook ↔ condemn) |
| condone | (죄를)용서하다 (overlook, let pass, forgive ↔ condemn, denounce) |
| confer | 상의하다 (consult together) |
| confidence | 신임 (trust, faith ↔ distrust) |
| confine | 제한하다 (limit ↔ extend) |
| conform | 일치시키다 (follow, obey, comply with ↔ oppose) |
| confuse | 혼란시키다 (confound, perplex, mix-up ↔ enlighten, differentiate) |
| congenital | 타고난, 선천적인 (inborn, innate, native, natural) |
| conjecture | 추측하다 (guess, suppose, speculate ↔ know) |
| connoisseur | 감정전문가 (critical judge, expert, man of good taste) |
| conscientious | 양심적인(high-principled, dutiful, scrupulous, responsible ↔ unconscientious) |
| conscript | 징집하다 (draft, induct ↔ volunteer) |
| considerate | 신중한, 사려깊은 (thoughtful, attentive ↔ inconsiderate) |
| consistent | 모순이 없는 (constant, uniform, compatible) |
| console | 위로하다 (soothe, comfort) |
| consolidate | 통합하다 (combine, merge, bring together ↔ separate) |
| consort | 조화하다; 사귀다 (agree, associate) |
| constrict | 죄다, 압축하다 (contract, compress) |
| consul | 영사 (diplomatic agent) |
| consummation | 성취, 완결 (completion, attainment ↔ beginning) |
| consumption | 소비 (using up, expenditure ↔ conservation) |
| contagious | 전염병의 (communicable, infectious ↔ noncontagious) |
| contaminate | 오염시키다 (taint, pollute, spoil ↔ purify, clean) |
| contemporary | 같은 시대의 (of the same age) |
| contemptible | 경멸할만한 (mean, deserving of scorn ↔ respectable) |
| contingent | 의존적인 (dependent, subject to) |
| contraband | 부정거래 ,밀수(입) 품의 (unlawful trade, smuggled goods) |
| contract | 수축하다, 계약하다, 병에 걸리다. (shrink, become smaller) |
| contradiction | 부정 (negation) |
| contrary | 정반대의 (opposite) |
| controversy | 논쟁 (dispute, debate, wrangle) |
| converse | 반대; 뒤집는 (opposite) |
| convert | 전환하다, 변환하다 (change, turn, transform) |
| copious | (남을 정도로)많은, 풍부한 (plentiful, abundant) |
| correspond | 일치하다 (agree, conform, concur, accord ↔ differ) |
| corroborate | 확증하다 (make more certain, confirm) |
| council | 회의 (conference) |
| counsel | 조언하다, 충고하다 (advice, guidance, opinion) |
| counteract | …에 거스르다 (act against, oppose ↔ aid) |
| counterfeit | 위조물 (forgery, copy) |
| craftsman | 기술자 (technician, skilled worker, handicraftsman, artisan) |
| craven | 겁많은 (cowardly, dastardly, timid, fearful ↔ brave, courageous, dauntless, bold) |
| credulous | 쉽게 믿는 (↔ incredulous) |
| criminal | 범인 (guilty person, gangster) |
| crutch | 목발 |
| culpability | 유죄, 나무랄만함 k(guilt, blameworthiness, censurableness ↔ innocence) |
| current | 현재의 (present, up-to -date, contemporary ↔ past, out-of-date) |
| curtailment | 줄임 (cutting short, abbreviation) |
| curtness | 무뚝뚝함 (rudeness, shortness, abruptness) |
| dank | 축축한, 누진 (damp, moist, unpleasantly humid, wet) |
| dastardly | 비겁한 (cowardly, mean, sneaky, base, vile, shameful ↔ gallant, brave, valiant) |
| deceptive | 남을 속이는 (misleading, dishonest) |
| decipher | 판독하다 (make out) |
| decline | 거절하다 (refuse, reject ↔ accept) |
| decree | 법령·명령 (order, command, law, proclamation, dictum, edict) |
| decry | 비난하다, 깍아내리다 (criticize, denounce, condemn ↔ extol) |
| deduct | 공제하다 (take from, subtract ↔ add) |
| defalcation | 횡령 (misappropriation, embezzlement) |
| defect | 결함, 약점, 결손 (fault, flaw ; deficiency, weakness) |
| defer | 늦추다 (postpone, delay, put off ↔ expedite) |
| deference | 복종, 존경 |
| defiance | 도전적인 태도 (challenge, disobedience, rebellion ↔ obedience, mission) |
| deficient | 불충분한 (lacking, insufficient) |
| defraud | 사취하다 (cheat, bilk) |
| deft | 솜씨 좋은, 능숙한 (skillful, expert, dexterous, clever, adroit;quick ↔ maladroit;low) |
| deliberate | 심사숙고하다 (consider carefully) |
| deluge | 대홍수, 호우 (flood, inundation) |
| delusive | 기만적인 (deceptive) |
| denizen | 주민, 공민 (inhabitant, resident) |
| dent | 움푹 들어간 곳 (depression, pit, hollow) |
| deplete | 고갈시키다 (exhaust, empty, reduce ↔ increase) |
| deposit | (낳아)놓다, 예금(하다) (lay down, place)(put in bank) |
| deprave | 타락시키다 (make morally bad, corrupt, deteriorate) |
| deprecate | 비난하다 (protest, condemn, express strong disapproval) |
| depreciate | 가치를 떨어뜨리다 (decrease in value ↔ appreciate) |
| deride | 비웃다 (ridicule, jeer, mock) |
| designate | 명시하다 (specify, indicate) |
| desolate | 황폐한, 적막한 (waste, barren, bleak) |
| destitute | 가난한, 빈민의 (poor, impoverished, penniless, needy, indigent ↔ rich) |
| destroy | 파괴하다 (ruin, raze, demolish, waste ↔ save, construct) |
| detached | 떨어진, 초연한 (not connected, unconcerned, impartial, aloof) |
| detain | 못 가게 붙들다 (delay, withhold) |
| deter | 단념시키다 (discourage, hinder, keep from, check, inhibit) |
| deteriorate | 떨어뜨리다 (worsen, degenerate, decline) |
| detrimental | 해로운 (injurious, damaging) |
| deviate | 빗나가다 (turn aside, part, depart, differ ↔ stick to) |
| devour | 게걸스럽게 먹다 (eat voracious, appetizing) |
| diffident | 수줍은, 겁 많은 (shy, timid, bashful, meek ↔ audacious, confident) |
| digest | 소화하다; 터득하다 (assimilate, dissolve) |
| dilapidated | 황폐한 (ruined, wornout, run-down) |
| dilate | 팽창시키다 (expand, make wider, inflate ↔ constrict) |
| discard | 버리다 (get rid of, throw away[out], abandon ↔ keep) |
| discord | 불일치 (dispute, disagreement, disharmony) |
| discredit | 신용을 해치다 (defame, dishonor, disgrace, disparage ↔ support, accept) |
| discreet | 지각있는, 신중한 (prudent, careful, polite ↔ indiscreet) |
| discrepancy | 모순, 불일치 (difference, variance, disagreement ↔ accord) |
| discrete | 분리되어 있는 (separate, disunited) |
| discriminate | 식별하다 (distinguish, make a distinction against ; differentiate) |
| disdain | 경멸하다 (despise, scorn) |
| disgrace | 불명예 (dishonor, shame, disrepute, discredit) |
| disguise | 숨기다, 감추다 (hide, obscure) |
| disintegrate | 붕괴시키다 (fall apart, break up ↔ blend) |
| dismiss | 해고하다 (fire, discharge ↔ employ) |
| dispatch | 신속히 처리하다 (transact quickly) |
| disperse | 흩뜨리다 (scatter, disband, distribute) |
| disregard | 무시하다 (ignore) |
| dissenting | 이의를 말하는 (opposite) |
| dissuade | 단념하게 하다 (advise against, persuade not to) |
| distract | 전환시키다 (divert, draw away the attention) |
| diverse | 다른; 가시각색의 (dissimilar, different from) |
| divert | 돌리다, 바꾸다 (turn aside, deflect, draw away) |
| divulge | 폭로하다 (tell, make known, disclose, impart, reveal ↔ conceal, keep secret) |
| dlbow | 팔꿈치 |
| docile | 유순한, 다루기 쉬운 (manageable, obliging, willing ↔ unruly, wild) |
| domicile | 주소, 거주지 (place where one lives, dwelling, home, residence) |
| donate | 기증하다 (give, contribute, bestow as a gift, present, grant) |
| dormant | 잠자는 듯한 (sleeping, inactive, hibernating ↔ active, awake, operative) |
| dreadful | 무서운 (fearful, terrible, awful) |
| drizzle | 이슬비 (rain in fine drops) |
| drought | 가뭄, 한발 (dry period, lack of rain, aridity) |
| drowsy | 졸린 (sleepy, dozy) |
| dubious | 의심스러운 (doubtful, uncertain, questionable, suspicious, ambiguous ↔ sure) |
| duplicate | 이중의, 한쌍의 (double) |
| dwindle | 차차 줄이다 (diminish, decrease, lessen, shrink, become smaller ↔ grow) |
| dynamic | 활동적인 (active, vigorous, energetic) |
| eccentric | 괴짜 (peculiar, strange, odd, unusual, unconventional, extraordinary) |
| ecology | 생태학 (bionomics) |
| edible | 먹을 수 있는 (eatable, suitable for eating ↔ inedible, uneatable) |
| elaborate | 정성 들여 만들다 (work out carefully) |
| elated | 활기에 찬 (in high spirits ; joyful) |
| elicit | 끌어내다 (draw forth[out], evoke, extort, extract, exact ↔ repress) |
| eligible | 뽑힐 수 있는 (qualified or fit to be chosen, entitled) |
| eliminate | 제거하다 (do away with, abolish, rule out, take away ↔ obtain) |
| eloquent | 말 잘하는, 웅변의 (persuasive, forceful, stirring, appealing ↔ routine) |
| elucidate | 밝히다, 설명하다 (make clear, explain, detail, illustrate ↔ confuse) |
| elusive | 교묘히 도피하는 (hard to catch, tricky, tending to elude, wily) |
| emerge | 나타나다 (appear, come up, rise ↔ submerge, sink) |
| emulate | …에 필적하다 (try to equal[surpass] ; take as a model, follow) |
| encompass | 포위하다 (surround, enclose, fence in) |
| endorse | 보장하다 (confirm) |
| enervate | 힘을 빼앗다 (exhaust, weary, weaken, debilitate ↔ energize, strengthen) |
| enigmatic | 수수께끼의 (puzzling, secretive, mysterious, cryptic, hidden) |
| entice | 유혹하다 (induce, tempt, allure, attract, coax ↔ repel) |
| entomology | 곤충학 |
| enumerate | 낱낱이 세다 (count one by one, sum up) |
| envoy | 공사 (representative, delegate, agent, ambassador, minister, messenger) |
| epilog(ue) | (연극 등의) 끝 (맺는) 말 |
| equable | 균등한 (uniform, constant ↔ variable) |
| equanimity | 평온 (calmness) |
| equilibrium | 평형상태, 균형 (a state of balance) |
| equitable | 공정한 (fair, unbiased ↔ inequitable, unreasonable) |
| equivalent | 동등 (equal, tantamount, the same as ↔ different, dissimilar) |
| equivocal | 애매한 (vague, ambiguous) |
| equivocate | 얼버무리다 (evade, be ambiguous) |
| eradicate | 뿌리째 뽑다 (root out, eliminate, put an end to, wipe out, remove) |
| erudite | 학식 있는 (learned, cultivated, scholarly ↔ illiterate) |
| erupt | 폭발하다 (burst forth, break out, explode) |
| esteem | 존경하다 (respect, admire, revere, hold in high regard ↔ abhor, detest) |
| eulogy | 찬사 (oration of praise ; high praise tribute, acclamation, laudation ) |
| evolve | 진화하다 (expand, grow, develop gradually) |
| exasperate | 노하게 하다 (irritate, provoke) |
| excerpt | 발췌, 인용구 (extract, portion, selection) |
| excess | 과다 (too much, surplus ↔ lack) |
| excise | 물품소비세 (tax, duty) |
| exclude | 제외하다 (shut out, boycott, prevent, banish, expel, leave out) |
| execution | 실행, 수행 (carrying out, performing, doing) |
| exempt | 면제하다 (except, release, excuse, free) |
| exorbitant | 엄청난 (extravagant, excessive) |
| expel | 추방하다 (drive out) |
| expend | 지출하다 (pay out, spend) |
| expenditure | 지출, 소비 (spending, consumption ↔ saving) |
| expire | 만기로 끝나다 (come to an end, run out, end) |
| explicit | 명백한 (specific, clear, frank ↔ vague, implicit) |
| exploit | 개발하다, 착취하다 (turn to practical, make use of, abuse) |
| expose | 드러내다 (subject, leave unprotected ; endanger) |
| expound | 설명하다 (explain in detail, make clear, describe) |
| extensive | 넓은 (broad, wide, lengthy) |
| external | 외부의 (outside, exterior ↔ internal) |
| extinct | 활동을 멈춘 (extinguished) |
| extraneous | 외래의 (alien, exotic ↔ native) |
| extraordinary | 보통이 아닌, 비상한 (unusual, exceptional, not ordinary, remarkable) |
| extravagant | 사치한 (wasteful, prodigal ↔ frugal, stingy) |
| extricate | 구해내다 (set free, release, rescue, remove) |
| fallacious | 잘못된, 거짓의 (erroneous, delusive, faulty) |
| fascinate | 매혹하다 (enchant, allure, charm, captivate, bewitch, attract and hold, engross) |
| fee | 요금, 보수, 사례금 (payment, a present of money) |
| fidelity | 충실, 충성 (loyalty, faithfulness) |
| fiscal | 국고의 |
| flabby | 축 늘어진 (limp, flaccid, soft) |
| flamboyant | 타는 듯한, 현란한 (showy, florid) |
| flavor | 맛, 풍미 (characteristic taste, savor) |
| flimsy | 약한 (feeble, weak, lacking in solidity, frail, fragile, thin, vulnerable ↔ stout) |
| flush | 상기되다; 왈칵흐르다 (blush, redden) |
| foreboding | 육감, 예감 (premonition, apprehension) |
| foremost | 맨처음의, 주요한 (leading, principal, main, chief) |
| forestall | 선수를 치다 (prevent, avoid, preclude ; anticipate) |
| foretell | 예고하다 (predict, foresee, prophesy, forebode) |
| formidable | 무서운, 가공할 (awesome, fearful, dreadful, terrifying) |
| fortuitous | 우연의(accidental, chance, random, unexpected, casual, unintentional ↔ planned) |
| fracture | 골절하다, 부수다 (break, severance, repture, cleavage, breach, separation) |
| frequent | 빈번한 (occurring often ↔ rare) |
| frigid | 혹한의; 쌀쌀한 (bitter cold, freezing, cool, chilly ↔ hot) |
| gale | 강풍 (strong wind, windstorm, gust) |
| gallant | 여성에게 친절한 (chivalrous, courty ↔ impolite) |
| gamut | 전범위 (full range, complete scale, whole extent, scope) |
| garrison | 수비대 (soldiers, stationed at a fort, detachment) |
| garrulous | 수다스러운 (talkative, loquacious ↔ taciturn, silent) |
| gash | 깊은 상처 (split, cleft, crack, long cut, slash, gaping wound) |
| genial | 친절한, 온화한 (kindly, cordial, cheerful, friendly congenial, pleasant, jovial) |
| geology | 지질학 |
| gloat | 뽐내다 (crow over, vaunt, exult ↔ regret, deplore) |
| graphology | 필적학 |
| gratis | 무료로; 공짜의 (for nothing, gratuitously) |
| graze | 풀을 뜯어 먹다 (feed on) |
| greedy | 욕심많은 (money-hungry, avaricious, covetous, selfish ↔ generous) |
| gyn(a)ecology | 부인과학 |
| habitat | 서식지, 주소 (home, abode, dwelling place, domicile) |
| hail | 환호하여 맞이하다, 축하하다 (welcome, congratulate, cheer, acclaim) |
| haughty | 건방진 (arrogant, scornful, overly proud ↔ humble) |
| hazy | 흐릿한, 안개낀 (misty, foggy ; cloudy ↔ clear, bright ; sunny) |
| heed | 주의하다 (follow, mind, obey, yield to ; take notice of, pay attention to ↔ ignore) |
| henceforth | 금후, 이제부터는 |
| hereditary | 유전성의 (congenital, inbred, inherited, inborn ↔ acquired) |
| heteronym | 철자는 같으나 음과 뜻이 다른 낱말 |
| heyday | 한창, 전성기 (full bloom, golden age) |
| hobble | 절름거리다 (walk [cause to go] lamely, limp, halt) |
| homage | 존경, 경의, 충성 (honor, respect, reverence, regard ; praise ↔ dishonor, blame) |
| homonym | 동음이의어 |
| humiliate | 창피를 주다 (embarrass, disgrace, make ashamed, dishonor ↔ honor, please) |
| hyperacid | 위산과다의 |
| hyperbole | 과장 (overstatement, extravagant, statement ↔ understatement) |
| hypertension | 고혈압, 과도 긴장 (high blood pressure) |
| hypnotic | 최면술의 |
| hypnotize | 매혹하다; 최면술을 걸다 |
| hypocrisy | 위선 (falsity, pretence, affectation ↔ sincerity, honesty) |
| hypothecate | 저당잡히다 |
| hypothesis | 가설, 전체 (tentative theory, assumption) |
| idolize | 우상화하다 (worship, adore) |
| illegible | 읽기가 어려운 (unreadable, hard to make out ↔ legible) |
| illicit | 불법의, 부당한 (unlawful, illegal, not permitted ↔ licit) |
| imminent | 절박한 (impending, near, about to happen, approaching ↔ distant, future) |
| immobile | 정지한 (motionless ↔ active) |
| immoral | 부도덕한 (corrupt, evil ↔ moral, chaste) |
| immortal | 죽지않는 (undying, imperishable ↔ mortal) |
| impartial | 공평한 (just, fair, unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral ↔ partial, unjust) |
| impasse | 막다름, 곤경 (deadlock, dilemma) |
| impassive | 냉담한, 침착한 (emotionless, cool, unmoved, apathetic, stoical ↔ excited) |
| impatient | 성급한, 조바심나는 (restless, anxious ↔ patient) |
| impeccable | 죄 없는 (faultless, immaculate ↔ deficient) |
| impend | (위에)걸리다, 달리다 (hang above) |
| imperative | 긴급의; 명령적인 (urgent, pressing, necessary, vital, essential ↔unnecessary) |
| impervious | 둔감한 (unaffected or uninfluenced by) |
| impetuous | 성급한, 충동적인 (rash, hasty ↔ cautious) |
| impetus | 힘, 자극, 기동력 (stimulus, spur, moving force, start ; incentive, motivation) |
| implicate | 관련시키다, 휩쓸려들게 하다 (involve, connect, associate ↔ dissociate, exclude) |
| implication | 연루, 얽힘 (association, connection) |
| implicit | 은연중 내포한, 함축적인 (implied, inferred, suggestive ; understood) |
| implore | 간청하다 |
| imply | (뜻을)내포하다 (involve, suggest, indicate) |
| impose | 부과하다, 강요하다 (exact, force, inflict) |
| improvise | 즉석에서 짓다 (think up on the spot) |
| imprudent | 경솔한 (unwise, thoughtless, indiscreet ↔ prudent) |
| impugn | 비난하다 (assail by words, contradict) |
| in line with | …와 일치하여 (in agreement[harmony] with) |
| inaccessible | 가까이하기 어려운 (unapproachable, not available) |
| inadvertent | 부주의한 (unintentional, accidental ↔ deliberate) |
| inarticulate | 알아들을 수 없는 |
| inaugurate | 취임식을 거행하다 (install in office) |
| incentive | 자극, 유인, 동기 (motivation, stimulus) |
| incessant | 끊임없는 (constant, continual, unending ↔ intermittent) |
| incoherent | 일관성이 없는, 모순된 (disjointed, unintelligible, inconsistent) |
| incompatible | 조화되지 않는 (inharmonious, disagreeing, contrary ↔ compatible) |
| incorporate | 합동하다 (include, combine, contain) |
| incredible | 믿어지지 않는 (unbelievable, remarkable ↔ credible) |
| indefatigable | 끈기있는 (tireless, unwearied, persistent, untiring, diligent) |
| indict | 기소하다 (accuse, charge) |
| indigent | 가난한 (in want, poor, needy, destitute, impoverished ↔ wealthy, affluent, rich) |
| indiscriminate | 무차별의 |
| indispensable | 절대 필요한 (absolutely necessary, essential, imperative ↔ dispensable) |
| indolent | 게으른, 활동하지 않는 (lazy, slothful, habitually idle, inactive, sluggish, inert) |
| induce | 설득하다, 권유하다 (coax, persuade, influence ↔ dissuade) |
| inedible | 먹을 수 없는 (↔ edible) |
| inept | 부적당한, 바보 같은 (inefficient, incompetent ; unsuitable ↔ apt) |
| inert | 타성적인 (motionless, inactive) |
| inevitable | 피할 수 없는 (unavoidable, inescapable, sure to happen, certain ↔ evadable) |
| infamous | 악명 높은, 창피한 (notorious, disgraceful ↔ honorable) |
| infantry | 보병 (foot soldier) |
| infer | 추정하다, 추리하다 (deduce ↔ posit) |
| infiltrate | 스며들게 하다, 침투시키다 (penetrate, be diffused, spread to) |
| inflict | (상처. 벌 등을)주다, 가하다 (lay on, impose) |
| inform | 통지하다, 보고하다 (tell, notify) |
| ingenious | 영리한 (clever, resourceful) |
| ingenuous | 솔직한, 담백한 (frank) |
| ingredient | 성분, 요소 (component, element, factor, essential) |
| inherent | 본래의, 고유의 (essential, innate, natural, intrinsic ↔ foreign) |
| inherit | 상속받다 (receive property) |
| initiate | 개시하다 (begin, start, commence ↔ consummate, end) |
| injurious | 해로운, 유해한 (harmful, hurtful, damaging) |
| innate | 타고난, 천부의, 고유한 (inborn, inherent ↔ acquired) |
| innumerable | 무수한 (countless, incalculable ↔ numerable) |
| inordinate | 과도한 (excessive, extravagant ↔ temperate) |
| inquisitive | 호기심이 강한 (investigative ↔ indifferent) |
| inscribe | 적다, 파다 (write, engrave) |
| insensitive | 무감각한 (unfeeling, callous, impervious ↔ sensitive) |
| insight | 안식, 식견, 통찰력 (perception, understanding ↔ obtuseness) |
| insignificant | 하찮은, 무의미한 (worthless, unimportant ↔ significant) |
| insinuate | 암시하다 (suggest, imply) |
| insolent | 건방진, 무례한 (disprespectiful, impertinent, rude ↔ deferential, polite) |
| intangible | 만질 수 없는 (insubstantial, untouchable ↔ tangible) |
| integrate | 단일체로 하다; 협력하다 (combine into a whole, mix) |
| interdict | 금지하다 (forbid, prohibit) |
| interfere | 방해하다 (conflict, get in the way, be an obstacle to) |
| interlude | 막간 (interval, intermission) |
| internal | 내부의 (interior, inward ↔ external, exterior) |
| interpret | 설명하다 (explain, make clear) |
| interrogate | 질문하다, 심문하다 (question, probe, investigate) |
| interrupt | 막다, 훼방놓다 (stop, break off, interfere with) |
| intersect | 교차하다 (cut across, pass through ; interconnect, overlap) |
| interstellar | 별 사이의 (among the stars) |
| intervene | (관계없는)사이에 끼여들다 (come between, take place) |
| intricate | 복잡한 (complicated, complex ↔ easy, simple) |
| intrinsic,-cal | 본래 갖추어져 있는, 고유한 (essential, innate, basic, natural ↔ extrinsic) |
| introduce | 가져오다, 보급하다 (bring into use, inaugurate) |
| introspective | 내성적인, 자기 반성의 (inclined towards) |
| intrude | 무리하게 넣다, 강요하다 (thrust, force) |
| inundation | 범람, 홍수 (flood, overflow) |
| invisible | 눈에 보이지 않는 (unseeable, imperceptible ↔ visible) |
| irrelevant | 부적당한, 엉뚱한 (unrelated, impertinent ↔ relevant) |
| irrigate | 물을 대다 (make fertile by watering) |
| irritable | 성급한,안달나는 (ill-humored, easily angered, easily annoyed ↔ amiable, genial) |
| jaunt | 짧은 여행 (short trip, excursion, outing, expedition) |
| jaw | 턱 |
| jeopardize | 위태롭게 하다 (endanger) |
| jurisdiction | 재판권, 사법권 (judicial right, lawful, power, authority) |
| juxtapose | 나란히(병렬)하다 (put side by side) |
| knee | 무릎 |
| lag | 천천히 걷다, 꾸물거리다 (move slowly, trail, loiter ↔ hurry along) |
| lame | 절름발이의 (crippled, maimed, limping) |
| languish | 쇠약해 지다 (grow feeble, lose or lack vitality, go into decline, wither) |
| lanky | 보기 싫도록 호리호리한 (slender, lank, tall and thin, lean, slim, gaunt ↔ burly) |
| latent | 숨어 있는 (dormant, sleeping) |
| leap | 뛰다 (jump, spring, bound) |
| legally | 법률적으로 (by law) |
| legitimate | 합법의 (lawful, legal, true ↔ illegal) |
| lenient | 관용의, 아량있는 (merciful, clement, gentle, indulgent, tolerant, soft ↔ harsh) |
| license | 승낙하다 (leave, permit ↔ forbiddance) |
| lieutenant | 중위, 소위 |
| literal | 문자의 (word for word) |
| literate | 읽고 쓸 줄을 아는 (able to read and write) |
| lucid | 선명한, 알기쉬운 (clear, easily understood) |
| lucrative | 유리한, 수지맞는 (gainful, profitable, moneymaking, remunerative) |
| lull | 달래어 재우다 (soothe, persuade) |
| magnificent | 웅장한, 당당한 (splendid, grand, glorious) |
| magnitude | 크기 (size, dimensions, extent ↔ smallness) |
| maim | (손·발을 끊어)불구자로 만들다 (cripple) |
| majesty | 위엄, 장엄 (grandeur, dignity, solemnity, elegance, nobility ↔ meanness) |
| malediction | 저주, 악담 (curse, slander ↔ benediction) |
| malevolent | 악의가 있는 |
| malice | 악의 원한 (ill, will, malevolence ↔ benevolence, kindness) |
| malign | 해로운, 불길한 (injurious, sinister) |
| mammoth | 매운 큰, 거대한 (enlarge, amplify) |
| manifest | 명백하게 하다 (reveal, show plainly, exhibit, display, make visible ↔ hide) |
| massive | 육중한, 부피가 큰 (immense, huge, heavy, vast, gigantic, colossal,↔diminutive) |
| mature | 성숙한 (ripe, full-grown ↔ immature) |
| means | 재산, 자력 |
| meek | 온순한, 참을성 있는 (submissive, humble, mild ↔ audacious, confident) |
| meticulous | 지나치게 소심한 (fastidious, scrupulous, exact, minutely careful ↔ careless) |
| migrant | 이주자, 이주동물 |
| militia | 재향군, 예비군 (citizen army, reserve) |
| millennia | 수천년의 시기 (a period of thousands of years) |
| miniature | 세밀화 (smallscale, tiny, diminutive, little ↔ large, gigantic) |
| minimal | 극소의, 최저의 (least, lowest, smallest ↔ maximum) |
| misconduct | 비행, 부정 (misbehaviour) |
| misdemeanor | 비행, 경범죄 (wrong doing) |
| miserly | 인색한, 욕심많은(stingy, avaricious, selfish, frugal, greedy ↔ generous, prodigal) |
| misgiving | 의심, 걱정 (doubt, anxiety, fear ↔ confidence) |
| mishap | 재난, 불행 (mischance, unlucky accident, unfortunate occurrence, disaster) |
| misleading | 잘못 인도하는, 잘못된 (misguiding, deceptive, fallacious) |
| mitigate | 완화하다, 달래다 (lessen, relieve, soften ↔ increase, augment) |
| mitigative | 완화시키는 |
| moist | 습기가 있는 (damp, slightly wet ↔ dry, parched, arid) |
| molest | 괴롭히다, 방해하다 (trouble, annoy, bother, harm, irritate) |
| monopolize | 독점하다 (control, dominate) |
| monotonous | 단조로운, 지루한 (unvaried, boring, dull) |
| morphology | 형태(학) |
| morsel | 한입, 소량, 작은 도막 (bit, nibble, tidbit, nip, small amount) |
| multitude | 다수 (great number) |
| mushroom | 버섯 |
| nap | 졸기, 선잠, 낮잠 (short sleep, rest,doze) |
| navel | 배꼽; 중심 (umbilicus) |
| negotiation | 협상, 교섭 |
| nonchalance | 무관심 (unconcern, coolness, indifference) |
| nonpartisan | 무소속의, 객관적인 (politically, independent, impartial ↔ partisan) |
| nonsensical | 무의미한, 쑥스러운 (ridiculous, absurd) |
| obese | 뚱뚱한 (fat, plump, overweight, corpulent, stout, tubby, chubby, paunchy ↔ thin) |
| oblique | 비스듬한, 기울어진 (slanting, inclined) |
| obliterate | 흔적을 없애다 (erase, blot out, efface, destroy, remove all traces of) |
| oblivious | 잘 잊어버리는, 멍한 (unaware of, unconscious of, insensible, heedless of) |
| obscure | 분명치 않은 (unclear) |
| obsolete | 안 쓰이는, 시대에 뒤떨어진 (out of use) |
| obstacle | 장애(물), 방해(물) (barrier, hurdle, bar, impediment, obstruction ↔ help, aid) |
| obstinate | 고집이 센, 완고한 (stubborn, tenacious, obdurate, unyielding, perverse) |
| obstruct | 길 (등을) 막다 (be[get, stand] in the way of, hinder, impede, block) |
| obvious | 명백한 (evident, clear, unmistakable, palpable, apparent ↔ obscure) |
| occasionally | 가끔, 때때로 (at times, sometimes, from time to time, now and then) |
| occupant | 점유자 (dweller, resident, inhabitant) |
| odor | 냄새, 향기 (smell, aroma) |
| offensive | 싫은, 불쾌한 (insulting, disrespectful) |
| omnipotent | 전능한 (almighty, allpowerful ↔ impotent, powerless) |
| omnivorous | 아무거나 먹는 |
| onomatopoeia | 의성어 |
| ostensible | 표면상의 겉치레의 (nominal, apparent, seeming, pretended ↔ real, true, actual) |
| outcome | 결과, 성과 (result, consequence) |
| outgrowth | 자연적인 발달(산물) (natural development) |
| outlet | 출구, 배출구 (exit, channel, opening ↔ inlet) |
| outlook | 조망, 경치, 전망, 전도 (view, sight, scene) |
| outmoded | 유행에 뒤진 (obsolete) |
| output | 산출, 생산고 (production) |
| outrage | 불법(행위), 무도 (inhuman act, evil) |
| outright | 완전한(하게),전체의 (complete, entire) |
| outspoken | 솔직한 (blunt, frank, direct) |
| outstanding | 뚜렷한, 현저한 (striking, prominent, remarkable) |
| outstay | 오래 머무르다 |
| overcast | 흐린; 음산한 (cloudy, gloomy) |
| overcome | 정복하다 (conquer) |
| overestimate | 과대평가 (overvalue) |
| overscrupulous | 지나치게 세심한 (meticulous) |
| oversight | 못보고 넘김, 실수 (omission, mistake, neglect, inattention ↔ care, attention) |
| overstate | 허풍을 떨다 (exaggerate) |
| palatable | 맛좋은 (tasteful, savory, delicious, appetizing) |
| paradox | 역설 (self-contradictory statement, seeming contradiction ↔ rule, truism) |
| pedagogy | 교육(학) |
| peevish | 투정부리는, 토라진 (cross, testy, irritable, grouchy ↔ agreeable, genial) |
| penalty | 형벌, 벌금 (punishment, forfeit ↔ reward) |
| penitent | 후회하는 (repentant. contrite, sorry) |
| penury | 가난, 빈곤 (extreme poverty) |
| perceive | 지각하다, 알아차리다, 양해하다 (aware, understand, discern) |
| perennially | 연중 끊임없이, 일년 내내 (throughout the whole year) |
| perforate | 구멍을 내다 (make a hole through, pierce) |
| permeate | 스며들다 (pass through, penetrate) |
| permit | 허용하다 (let, give permission, suffer, allow, admit) |
| perpendicular | 수직의 (vertical) |
| persevere | 인내하다 (endure, persist, continue steadily) |
| persist | 고집하다 (not give up, persevere, make strenuous) |
| persistent | 고집하는, 집요한 (stubborn, obstinate) |
| persuasive | 설득력이 있는, 동기, 유인 (convincing) |
| petition | 청원·탄원·진정서 (formal request, appeal, plea, proposal, application) |
| phlegmatic | 냉담한, 무기력한 (indifferent, nonchalant, apathetic ↔ passionate) |
| phrenology | 골상학 |
| physiology | 생리학 |
| piecemeal | 점차로 (piece by piece, gradually, in stages) |
| plague | 전염병에 걸리다 (pestilence, contagious disease) |
| plead | 변호하다 (beseech, implore, beg, appeal to ; petition) |
| pliability | 유연성 (flexibility ↔ stiffness) |
| pliable | 휘기 쉬운; 융통성있는 (easily bendable, flexible, impressionable) |
| plutocracy | 금권정치 (government or country governed by rich) |
| postdate | 날짜를 실제보다 늦춰 달다 |
| posthumous | 사후의 (after death) |
| potable | 마시기에 알맞은 (drinkable) |
| precaution | 경계, 예방조치 (caution used in advance) |
| precede | 선행하다 (go before, antedate, antecede ↔ follow) |
| precept | (행동. 규범으로서의)교훈 (instruction) |
| precinct | 구내, 경내 (enclosure, compounds) |
| precipitous | 가파른, 험한, 성급한 (very steep) |
| preclude | 배제하다, 방해하다, 가로막다 (exclude) |
| prediction | 예언 (prophecy, forecast, anticipation) |
| preference | 애호, 선택(물) (partiality, selection, first choice, liking) |
| premature | 너무 이른 (too early, untimely) |
| premium | 상(금, 장) (prize, reward) |
| prescribe | 규정(지령. 처방)하다 (order, dictate, direct) |
| pretence(se) | 구실, 가장, 허위 (plea, pretext) |
| pretentious | 허세부리는 (ostentatious, showy) |
| prevail | 이기다, 우세하다 (be predominant) |
| prevention | 방지 (avoidance, stoppage, defeat) |
| prior | 앞의 (previous, former, antecedent, earlier ↔ subsequent, posterior) |
| procrastination | 지연, 연기 (delay, postpone) |
| profess | 공언하다. 고백하다 (declare, proclaim) |
| professor | 교수, 공헌자 |
| proficient | 능숙한 (skilled, capable, efficient, deft, expert) |
| profound | 심원한, 해박한 (deep, erudite) |
| profoundly | 깊이, 충심으로, 대단히 |
| profuse | 풍부한, 통이 큰 (abundant, lavish, generous) |
| prognosis | 예지, 예측 (prediction, forecast) |
| progress | 전진하다 (headway, advance, development, promotion) |
| prohibit | 금하다 (forbid, proscribe) |
| prominent | 현저한, 유명한 (notable, salient ↔ unnoticeable) |
| promote | 진급시키다, 촉진(장려)하다 (raise, exalt ↔ demote) |
| prompt | 재빠른 (quick to act) |
| promulgate | (법령등을)공표하다 (expound, set forth, communicate) |
| propel | 추진하다 (push forward, impel, start) |
| proportionate | 비례하는, 균형잡힌 (balanced, commensurate, consistent ↔ improportionate) |
| proscribe | 추방하다 (banish) |
| prosper | 번창하다, 성공하다 (thrive, succeed) |
| protract | 늘리다 (prolong) |
| protrude | 내밀다 (thrust forth ↔ retract) |
| provoke | 성나게하다 (incense) |
| prudent | 현명한 (wise, sensible, discreet ↔ imprudent) |
| pseudonym | 아호, 익명, 필명 (pen name) |
| psychology | 심리학 (science or study of the mind and its processes) |
| punctual | 시간을 엄수하는(on time, not late, in good time, prompt, regular ↔ unpunctual) |
| pungent | 자극성의 (stimulating) |
| pursuant | …에 따른 (in accordance with, conformable to) |
| puzzle | 당황하게 하다 (perplex, bewilder, confuse) |
| rarely | 드물게 (seldom, not often, hardly[scarcely] ever, once in a great while ↔ often) |
| ration | 배당량 (foodshare, allotment, apportionment) |
| rebuke | 견책하다, 비난하다 (reprimand, censure) |
| recess | 후회; 휴식 |
| recessive | 역행하는, 쇠퇴하는 (receding) |
| reciprocal | 서로간의, 상호의 (mutual, on bothsides) |
| recite | 암송하다 (repeat from memory) |
| reckless | 무모한 (careless, incautious, heedless, negligent, inattentive ↔ cautious) |
| recluse | 은둔한 (shut up, secluded) |
| recognition | 동일 (identification) |
| recoil | 반동하다 (rebound, come back) |
| recollection | 기억(력) (memory, remembrance) |
| recur | 되돌아가다 (go back) |
| recycle | 재순환하다 (occur or recur in cycles, reprocess) |
| redeem | 되사다 회수하다 (buy back, recover) |
| redo | 다시하다, 고쳐하다 (do over again) |
| reduce | 축소하다, 낮추다 (bring down, lower, cut down, diminish) |
| referendum | 국민투표 (vote) |
| refine | 맑게하다 (clarify) |
| reflect | 반영하다 (show ↔ conceal) |
| reform | 개혁, 개정 (correction, change for the better) |
| refrain | 삼가다 (forbear, abstain) |
| refugee | 피난민 |
| regiment | 연대 |
| rehabilitation | 복구, 복직 (recovery, restoration) |
| rehearse | 예행연습하다 (prepare, practice) |
| reinforce | 강화하다 (make strong, strengthen ↔ weaken, lessen) |
| reiterate | 되풀이 하다 (say again, repeat many times) |
| reject | 거절하다 (repel, refuse ↔ accept) |
| relapse | 재발하다 (the return of an illness) |
| relief | 구원하다 (help, aid) |
| reluctant | 싫어하는 (unwilling, averse, diffident, shy ↔ eager, willing, desirous) |
| remake | 다시만들다 (make sth. anew) |
| remnant | 나머지 (remainder, leftover, survival) |
| remonstrate | 충고하다 (expostulate) |
| renegade | 배신자 (traitor, apostate ↔ loyalist) |
| renovate | 갱신하다 (improve, reform, repair, alter, make over, renew, remake) |
| renowned | 유명한 (celebrated, wellknown, acclaimed, famous) |
| repeal | 무효 (abolish, revoke) |
| repel | 쫓아버리다 (drive back) |
| repentance | 후회 (regret, grief ↔ contentment) |
| replace | 되돌리다; 갚다 (put back, repay) |
| repose | 휴식하다 (rest) |
| represent | …에 해당하다 (stand for, symbolize) |
| representation | 표현; 주장 |
| repressed | 억눌린 (subdued, buried) |
| reproach | 책망하다 (blame, censure, rebuke, reprove) |
| repugnant | 불쾌한 (distasteful) |
| repulse | 격퇴하다 (repel, reject) |
| rescue | 구해내다 (save, recover ↔ abandon) |
| resent | 분개하다 (take offense at, feel bitter anger at) |
| residence | 주소, 주택; 거주 (home, dwelling, address, abode) |
| residue | 나머지 (rest, remains, remainder, residuum, remnant) |
| resolute | 단호한, 굳건한 (determined, zealous, firm, inflexible ↔ irresolute) |
| resource | 재원; 수단 (source, wherewithal) |
| restrain | 제지하다, 억누르다 (keep under control, suppress, hold back, prevent) |
| retain | 보유하다 (keep) |
| retard | 지연시키다 (delay, make late) |
| reticent | 말이 없는 (disposed to be silent, reserved in speech) |
| retort | 되받아 말하다 (a quick and sharp reply) |
| retreat | 철수하다 (withdraw) |
| retrench | 절감하다 (reduce) |
| retrieve | 회수하다 (get back again, recover) |
| retroact | 뒤로 움직이다 |
| retrocede | 되돌아 가다 (go back) |
| retrogression | 후퇴, 역행 (regression ↔ progression) |
| retrospect | 회상, 회고, 추억 (contemplation of time past, review, looking backward) |
| revenge | 복수 (vengeance, paying back) |
| revere | 존경하다 (honor, venerate, worship) |
| reverse | 반대 (turn the other way) |
| revert | 되돌아가다 (return, go back) |
| revise | 교정하다 (correct, amend, change) |
| revitalize | 소생시키다 (renew, reanimate) |
| revoke | 취소하다 (withdraw, repeal) |
| roam | (목적·방향없이) 떠돌다 (wander, ramble, rove, travel) |
| robust | 건강한, 억센 (hale, hardy, strong, powerful, healthy, sturdy, husky,vigorous) |
| rustic | 시골의 (country, rural ↔ urban) |
| sanitary | 위생상의 (healthful ; clean, germ-free ↔ dirty) |
| sapper | 공병 |
| saunter | 산책하다 (stroll, walk casually, wander, amble, roam, loiter) |
| scrutinize | 세밀히 조사함 (examine closely, regard carefully ↔ neglect) |
| seclude | 분리하다 (separate, isolate, shut off, remote) |
| secure | 염려없는 (free from danger[harm], confident ↔ insecure) |
| seduce | 유혹하다 (lead astray, corrupt, lure) |
| segregate | 갈라놓다 (separate, divede) |
| selection | 서택, 정선 (choice, decision, option, election, variety, pick, range) |
| sentence | 판결하다 (pronounce, judge, condemn to punishment) |
| sentry | 보초; 망보기 (sentinel) |
| separation | 분리, 분열 (separating, division) |
| sever | 나뉘다 (cut in two, part, separate ↔ unite, join) |
| side effect | 부작용 |
| siege | 포위, 공격 |
| simultaneous | 동시에 일어나는 (concurrent, synchronic, contemporary, coincident) |
| sinister | 악의있는 (malignant, evil) |
| slight | 조금의, 적은 (small, little) |
| slovenly | (정돈이)단정치 못한 (messy, sloppy ↔ neat, clean) |
| sneak | 몰래 움직이다 (slink) |
| snore | 코를 골다 |
| sociology | 사회학 (social science) |
| sojourn | 체재하다 (stay, visit, abide, reside for a time, stay in a place temporarily) |
| solon | 현명한 입법가 (wise legislator) |
| somnolent | 졸린, 최면의 (sleepy, drowsy) |
| sour | 신; 시큼한 (acid, tart, tangy, sharp ↔ sweet) |
| split | 쪼개다, 찢다 (bisect, cut, crack) |
| squander | 낭비하다 (waste, throw away, misuse ↔ save, conserve) |
| stale | 싱싱치 못한 (not fresh, flat, tasteless) |
| stalk | 몰래 접근 (approach stealthily) |
| stamina | 체력, 정력, 끈기 (endurance, vigor, energy, vitality, sturdiness, perseverance) |
| stately | 위엄이있는, 당당한, 장엄한 (dignified, imposing, majestic, grand ↔ unimpressive) |
| staunch | 충성스러운 (faithful, loyal) |
| stocky | 땅딸막한 (thick set, short and heavy, husky, solid, squat, stout ↔ slim, lanky) |
| strive | 애쓰다; 싸우다 (try hard, attempt earnestly, make efforts) |
| stumbl | 비틀거리다 (trip, stagger) |
| sturdy | 아주 건강한 (strong, vigorous, robust ↔ frail, feeble) |
| submission | 복종, 굴복 (yielding, surrender, obedience) |
| subside | 가라앉다 (settle, sink, die down ↔ rise) |
| subsidy | 보조금 (financial, aid) |
| substitute | 대치 (replace ; alternate, surrogate) |
| subterranean | 지하의 (underground) |
| subversion | 전복, 파괴, 멸망 (overthrow, destruction) |
| succinct | 간결한 (concise, brief, direct, condensed ↔ discursive) |
| succulent | 즙이 많은 (full of juice, delicious, juicy) |
| succumb | 유혹에 넘어가다, 굴복하다 (give way, yield, submit) |
| sue | 소송하다 , 간청하다 (beg, plead, beseech, appeal) |
| sultry | 무더운 (sweltering, oppressive, warm and damp, hot and moist, muggy) |
| superfluous | 여분의 (redundant, more than is necessary) |
| superintend | 지위 감독하다 (guide, supervise) |
| supersede | 대신 들어서다 (take the place of, supplant, replace) |
| supervise | 감독하다 (oversee, watch over, manage) |
| supposition | 상상, 추측 (conjecture) |
| suppress | 진압하다 (put down, subdue) |
| surmount | 극복하다 (overcome, get over) |
| surpass | 능가하다, 초월하다 (excel, exceed, out do) |
| surrender | 항복하다; 포기하다 (give up, submit, yield ↔ resist) |
| surveillance | 감독 (watch) |
| suspend | 달아매다 (hang, dangle) |
| swear | 선서하다 (take an oath) |
| sycophantic | 아부하는 (obsequious, bootlicking, servile ↔ overbearing) |
| symmetry | 대칭, 균형 (balance) |
| symptom | 징후 (sign, indication) |
| synchronization | 동시성 (simultaneity) |
| synonym | 동의어, 비슷한 말 (↔ antonym) |
| synopsis | 줄거리, 개요 (summary) |
| synthetic | 인공의, 합성의 (artificial, man-made) |
| teasement | 징벌, 응징 |
| technocracy | 기술주의(국가) |
| terrain | 지형, 지세, 지역 (topography, ground, area, region ; surroundings) |
| testify | 증언하다 (give evidence, swear, state as fact, indicate ; attest) |
| therapy | 치료, 요법 (treatment, healing) |
| thermal | 열의, 온도의 (having to do with heat) |
| thrifty | 검소한, 절약하는 (economical, frugal, sparing ↔ extravagant, wasteful) |
| thunder | 우레, 천둥 (thunderbolt, thunderclap ; rumbling) |
| tiptoe | 발끝 |
| torrent | 억수 (heavy rain, downpour, deluge) |
| toupee | 가발 (wig) |
| tractable | 다루기 쉬운, 순종하는 (manageable, pliant, docile) |
| tranquil | 조용한, 온화한, 평온한 (peaceful, calm, serene ↔ agitated, excited) |
| transact | 집행하다 (perform, carry through) |
| transcend | 빼어나다 (exceed, outdo, go beyond) |
| transcript | 사본, 등본 (written copy ↔ original) |
| transform | 변형시키다 (convert, alter, change) |
| transient | 순간적인; 덧없는; 잠시머무르는 (temporary, temporal, transitory, brief ) |
| transitory | 순식간의, 무상한 (temporary, passing, transient ↔ lasting) |
| transmit | 송달하다 (convey, deliver, dispatch) |
| transpire | 누설되다 (become known) |
| transpose | 서로 바꿔놓다 (interchange) |
| treachery | 배반, 불신행위 (disloyalty, betrayal, faithlessness, deceit) |
| trot | 빠른걸음으로 가다 (step quickly ↔ gallop) |
| ultimate | 최후의, 마지막의, 궁극의 (final, end, last ↔ initial) |
| unanimous | 만장일치의 (agreeing in opinion, in full accord ↔ dissenting) |
| uncanny | 이상한 (extraordinary, unimaginable ↔ common) |
| uncouth | 거친, 무뚝뚝한 (crude, rude, rough, unmannerly unrefined ↔ polite) |
| undergo | 경험하다, 당하다 (experience, go[pass] through, submit to, withstand ↔ evade) |
| underlying | 밑에 깔린; 기초가 되는 (basic) |
| undermine | 밑을 파다 (tunnel under) |
| underneath | 밑에 (beneath, below, under) |
| underpass | 지하도 (a passage running underneath) |
| underscore | 밑줄; 강조하다 (underline, draw a line under) |
| undertake | 손대다, 시도하다 (wage, engage in, enter into, attempt) |
| ungainly | 어색한, 보기흉한 (awkward, clumsy) |
| uniform | 한결같은 (alike, identical, matching, consistent ↔ different, multiform) |
| unilateral | 일방적인 |
| unintelligible | 난해한 (illegible, impossible to understand ↔ intelligible) |
| unique | 유일한, 하나밖에 없는 (one and only, single, peerless, sole) |
| unravel | (얽힌 실)을 풀다 (to undo or untangle) |
| unreal | 상상적인, 비현실적인 (not real, nonexistent, imaginary) |
| unruly | 제어하기 어려운 (disobedient, uncontrollable ↔ manageable) |
| unscrupulous | 염치없는 (unprincipled, immoral, dishonorable ↔ careful) |
| unsophisticated | 단순한 (natural, naive, innocent, uncomplicated) |
| unstable | 불안정한 (unsteady, troubled) |
| upgrade | 승진시키다 (to give a higher position to) |
| upheaval | 밀어올림; 대변동 (upthrust, explosion) |
| uphold | 떠받들다 (hold up, support) |
| uprightness | 정직, 고결 (honor, integrity) |
| upset | 전복시키다 (overthrow) |
| vagabond | 방랑자 (wanderer, rover) |
| valor | 용맹 (bravery, prowess, dauntlessness, heroism ↔ fear) |
| versatile | 재주많은 (having, many abilities, many-sided, all-round, talented, talented) |
| vigilant | 경계하고 있는 (alert, watchful, attentive, cautious, wary ↔ careless, negligent) |
| villainous | 악당같은 (wicked, rascally, infamous) |
| volunteer | 지원하다 (offer willingly ↔ draft) |
| wade | 걸어서 건너다 (walk in water[mud], ford) |
| wan | 창백한 (pale, pallid, pasty, colorless ↔ ruddy) |
| wary | 조심성 있는 (cautious, careful vigilant, prudent ↔ rash) |
| wee | 아주 작은, 조그마한 (very small, minute, tiny, little ↔ big, large, huge) |
| woo | (명예·재산등을)얻으려 하다 (tru to win, court) |
| wrinkle | 주름살 (crease, rumple, crinkle, fold, crimp) |
| wrist | 손목 (carpus) |
| zealous | 열성적인(eager, fervent) (eager, fervent, enthusiastic, ardent ↔ apathetic, calm) |
| zoology | 동물학 |
