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KBS World Radio News for Learners 2012-4-21

(8회분 : 4/21일~4/13일) *1회당 10분~13분 정도

 

Jeff Gilligan

Bird-watcher Jeff Gilligan snapped this photograph of a small boat in distress. Gilligan and others say the cruise ship he was traveling on did not stop to help the stricken craft.

 

Jeff Gilligan

A zoomed-in view of the photo taken by Jeff Gilligan, of a boat drifting in the Pacific. When he saw the image, Adrian Vasquez — the boat's only survivor — said, "That's us."

It was international news recently when a small fishing boat was found adrift in the Pacific Ocean, several hundred miles from the Panama town where it launched. After 28 days at sea, only one of the three men who had been onboard was still alive. The other two died from lack of water and exposure.

Now there are allegations that weeks earlier, while all of the men were still alive, an American-based cruise ship, the Star Princess, spotted the drifting boat — but sailed on without stopping to help.

The Star Princess is a luxury cruise ship operated by Carnival. It has four pools, a nine-hole putting green, a casino, and cabins for some 2,000 passengers.

In March, on a cruise around South America, the passengers included three bird-watchers, two from Oregon and one from Ireland. They were on deck daily to watch for seabirds, using powerful binoculars and spotting telescopes.

On March 10, one of the birders, Jeff Gilligan from Portland, Ore., saw something through his binoculars out on the water, more than a mile away.

"We put our scopes on it," he says, "and we could see a moderate-sized boat with a person standing up in it, waving a dark piece of cloth."

Telling The Ship's Crew

One of the other birders on the Star Princess was Judy Meredith from Bend, Ore. She says, "We all watched him for a bit and thought, 'This guy's in distress. He's trying to get our attention. And he doesn't have a motor on his boat.' We could see that."

Meredith went inside to try to place a call to the ship's bridge, to alert the crew about what they'd seen. The only crew member she could find was with the ship's sales team.

"He called the bridge and I sort of talked through the story," she says. "And I was trying to have a sense or urgency in my voice — and tell them that the boat was in distress, and they were trying to get our attention."

A crew member used Gilligan's telescope to look at the drifting boat. Gilligan says, at that point, "We were a bit relieved because he had confirmed that he had seen what we were describing. We expected the ship to turn back or stop or something."

But soon, the bird-watchers realized that wasn't happening.

Gilligan says he and the other birders could only hope that the captain of the Star Princess was taking the appropriate steps — perhaps contacting Panamanian or other authorities, who would conduct search-and-rescue operations.

Meredith says they never heard back from the crew. In desperation, she marked down the ship's coordinates and sent an email to a Coast Guard website, without results.

The Captain's Log

When she got home, Meredith contacted Princess Cruises to see what action was taken. She says a customer relations representative told her the captain reported a different version of the incident — and that according to the captain's log, the ship had been passing through a fishing fleet.

Meredith says she was told that the Star Princess contacted the boat and "that they were asking the ship to move to the west, because they didn't want their nets to be damaged. And that the ship altered course. And they were waving their shirts because they were thanking the ship."

Eventually, the bird-watchers learned of a news story from Ecuador. The Ecuadorean coast guard had picked up a small fishing boat near the Galapagos Islands with just one survivor aboard: 18-year-old Adrian Vasquez.

Vasquez told a harrowing tale of leaving Panama for an overnight fishing trip, then losing power and spending the next 28 days drifting. During that time, the two other fishermen with Vasquez died.

It seemed improbable, but Meredith and the other bird-watchers wondered, "Could this be the boat they saw?" In Panama, reporter Don Winner with the website Panama-Guide.com tracked down Vasquez and recorded video of the interview.

Winner showed Vasquez a photo the birders had taken of the fishing boat they saw.

"That's us," Vasquez said. He and the other men used their orange flotation devices to try to signal to get someone's attention, he said. Winner asked him about the Princess Star.

"Yes, we saw a cruise ship," Vasquez said. He said one of the other fishermen, Oropeces Betancourt, 24, died the following day. The third fisherman, Fernando Osario, 16, died five days later.

'Three People Were Alive'

International maritime law clearly requires ships that come upon other vessels in distress to render assistance, if they can do so without endangering themselves.

In a statement, Princess Cruises says, "We're aware of the allegations that Star Princess supposedly passed by a boat in distress that was carrying three Panamanian fishermen on March 10. At this time we cannot verify the facts as reported, and we are currently conducting an internal investigation on the matter."

Princess isn't commenting on the earlier version of the story Meredith says she got from a company customer services representative.

Meredith says the experience has left her feeling sick about what Vasquez, his friends and their families had to go through.

"Three people were alive on the day they saw us and the day we saw them," she says. "They tried everything they could think of to signal us. And our boat went by, and his buddy died that night."

The Star Princess is registered in Bermuda. An official with Bermuda's Department of Maritime Administration says his office is in contact with Princess about the incident but hasn't determined yet whether it will conduct a full investigation.

 

Courtesy of Angela Caragan

Angela Caragan's A Cupcake Co. offers gourmet cupcakes for special events. Like more than 20 million other small-business owners in the U.S., she has no employees.

The House is scheduled to vote Thursday on a GOP measure to cut taxes on small businesses.

Now, the mental image most of us have of a small business is probably something like this: a handful of employees, a shop, maybe a restaurant or a little tech firm.

It turns out the reality of the nation's 28 million small businesses is, in many cases, quite different.

House Republicans say their tax cut would help millions of small businesses.

"This is a bill which will directly help small businesses create jobs," says Rep. Eric Cantor, R-Va., the majority leader and author of the bill.

The total cost of the one-year measure is $46 billion. An analysis commissioned by a pro-GOP outside group and now posted on Cantor's website says if the tax cut only lasts for one year, it will create 40,000 jobs. Some quick back-of-the-envelope math puts that at more than $1 million per job.

NPR asked House Speaker John Boehner whether that was cost-effective.

"I think we expect it will create far more jobs than that," says the Ohio Republican. "But listen, small businesses who file as individuals, as I did in my business, face enormous challenges. And rather than pay these taxes, that money could stay in their business to help them buy more equipment, hire more workers and expand their business."

 

Courtesy of Makini Howell

Small-business owner Makini Howell offers up vegan fare in Seattle. With her family, Howell owns a minimart, a vegan sandwich wholesale business, and small group of vegan restaurants.

But Seattle small-business owner Makini Howell says the bill wouldn't help her at all.

Well, technically, the tax cut might help her a little. With her family, Howell owns a minimart, a vegan sandwich wholesale business, and a small group of vegan restaurants. All told, Howell has about 30 employees.

"It was great to open up and to be able to create like 25 more jobs than were there and to become a viable part of the neighborhood that we're in," she says. "That was awesome."

Less awesome are the company's profits at the end of the year, because its margins are thin and so much gets poured back into the business.

"The reality is, you make $25,000, $35,000," she says. "My income has decreased steadily since I became a small-business owner."

Under the bill from House Republicans, small-business owners — those with fewer than 500 employees — would be able to deduct 20 percent from their business income, with some exceptions. For Howell, the tax savings would work out to a few hundred bucks.

"For a business like mine, if you just do the math, it's not going to help," she says.

It's not like she'd turn down the extra cash, but it certainly wouldn't be enough to hire anyone else or to make a major equipment purchase.

Much larger firms and much more profitable companies would get most of the tax benefit, says Joe Rosenberg of the Tax Policy Center. "Your typical small business — what we might think of as your mom and pop store — is probably not going to see much benefit from this tax provision," Rosenberg says. "The largest benefits go to larger businesses that report a lot of income."

Although the image of a small-business owner is someone like Howell, under the Small Business Administration definition used by the House bill, a business with 499 employees could also be considered small.

Some 99.9 percent of the businesses in the country are small by this definition. And according to SBA data, the vast majority of them — more than 20 million firms — don't employ a single person, other than the owner.

Angela Caragan is the owner of A Cupcake Co. in Northern California. She's also the chief pastry chef, marketing director — the whole thing. Last year, she made less than $1,000 baking gourmet cupcakes. But for her, it's not really about the money.

"It's my way of sharing a little bit of smile and happiness with someone on their special day," Caragan says.

Like many people who report business income on their taxes, Caragan has another job. A full-time job. She wouldn't qualify for the tax cut, because businesses are required to have employees to take advantage of it.

So the full-time freelance photographer, or consultant who works alone, would be out of luck. Although the assumption is that many of these sole proprietors would reorganize their books and add a family member to the payroll, to get in on the new tax break.

★  성격 - 문장

She is unkind. 그녀는 불친절해요.
She is cold. 그녀는 냉정해요.
She is mean. 그녀는 비열해요.
She is pessimistic. 그녀는 비관적 이예요.
She is miserable. 그녀는 불쌍해요.
She is tense. 그녀는 긴장을 해요.
She is weak. 그녀는 약해요 .
She is dishonest. 그녀는 부정직해요.
She is insensitive. 그녀는 둔감해요.
She is introverted. 그녀는 내성적 이예요.
She is unambitious. 그녀는 의욕이 없어요.
She is always late. 그녀는 항상 늦어요.
She is unreliable. 그녀는 믿을 수 없어요.
She is inflexible. 그녀는 완고해요.
She is lazy. 그녀는 게을러요.
She is stupid. 그녀는 어리석어요.

He always talks big. / He has a big mouth.  그는 허풍이 심해요.

She"s very clever, but she can be a lazy. 그녀는 아주 영리하지만 게으르다고 할 수 있다.
She"s not exactly witty, but she"s extremely hard-working.

영리하다고는 할 수 없지만 근면한 편이다.

Well, he"s rather boring. 좀 따분한 편이다.
Oh, he"s a little overwhelming.좀 황당한 사람이다.
I"m sort of a pessimist. 좀 비관적인 성격입니다.
I"m very forgetful. 건망증이 심하다.
I"m afraid I"m a poor talker.말주변이 없습니다. 
I sometimes speak too much. 때때로 수다스럽습니다. 
He is very impatient. / He is hot-tempered. 그 사람은 성격이 급해요.

He"s very particular about trivial things. 그는 사소한 일에 잔소리가 심한 사람이다.
Her weakness is that she"s a bit narrow minded and obstinate.

그녀는 마음이 좁고 완고한 것이 결점이다. 
He"s probably just quiet. 그는 아마 그저 말이 없는 성격일 겁니다.
You have quite a personality. / You have a rich personality. 당신은 참 개성적이요.

I"m rather short-tempered, and sometimes get easily excited about unimportant things.

나는 성질이 급해서 사소한 일에 때때로 쉽게 흥분합니다. 
He has a straightforward personality. 그 사람 성격이 시원시원해요.

He"s lively, generous and clever.  그는 활달하고 관대하고 머리가 좋은 사람이예요.
I"m not that strong. 나는 그리 강인한 성격이 못돼요.
I"m not really sociable. 그렇게 사교적이지 못합니다.
I"m rather mischievous. 심술궂은 편이다.
I"m now much outgoing than I used to be. 전과 비교하면 숙기가 좋아졌습니다.
I tend to be withdrawn. / I"m fairly reserved. 소극적인 편입니다.
You"re really arrogant. 너 무지 뻔뻔한 애로구나.

I"m fed up with him. / I"m sick and tired of him. 그 사람이라면 진절머리가 나요.

She stood me up. 그녀가 나를 바람 맞췄어요.
I"ve had it up to here with this lousy job. 이 더러운 직장은 이제 더 이상 참을 수가 없습니다.

He was speaking off the top of his head. 그는 즉흥적으로 연설했죠.

Sometimes I think you"re very fickle. 이따금 당신은 꽤 변덕인 것 같아요. 
It"s a pain in the neck. 정말 견디기 어려운 것이다.

Sometimes being frank is the best policy.
때로는 솔직하게 털어 놓는 것이 최선의 길이지요.

I didn"t mean to offend you. 기분을 상하게 하려고 한 말은 아니었습니다.

★ Bad character (나쁜 성격-단어)

- 사람의 성격을 positive(긍정적)와 negative(부정적)로 나누어보면....
* Positive - hardworking(근면한), creative(창의적인), strict(엄격한), level-headed(분별있는)

   efficient(유능한), punctual(꼼꼼한), reliable(믿음직한), generous(관대한),
* Negative - bad-tempered(심술궂은), impatient(성급한), critical(비판적인),

  disorganized(혼란스러운), moody (변덕스러운), forgetful(잘 잊는)

1. rude 무례한
2. impolite 무례한
3. dishonest 정직하지 않은
4. cruel 잔인한
5. ruthless 무자비한
6. greedy 탐욕스러운
7. mean 심술궂은
8. cunning 교활한
9. mischievous 짓궂은
10. malevolent 악의있는
11. selfish 이기적인
12. warlike 호전적인
13. negligent 태만한
14. jealous 질투심이 많은
15. brutal 잔혹한
16. hostile 적개심을 품은
17. aggressive 공격적인, 침략적인
18. arrogant 거만한, 건방진
19. cold-blooded 냉정한
20. cold-blooded 냉혈한, 피도 눈물도 없는, 냉혹한
21. communicative 이야기하기 좋아하는, 숨김없이 말하는
22. conservative 보수적인, 무사주의의
23. courageous 용기있는, 용감한
24. cruel 잔학한, 잔인한
25. extrovert 외향적인 사람
26. frank 솔직한
27. handicapped 심신장애의
28. hen-pecked 공처가의
29. hot-tempered 다혈질
30. ill-mannered 무뢰한
31. notorious 악명높은
32. reserved 체면 차린, 말없는, 수줍어하는
33. stern 엄격한, 완고한
34. stingy 인색한, 부족한
35. stubborn 완고한, 확고한
37. talented 재능이 있는
38. talkative 수다스러운
39. thoughtless 지각없는, 경솔한, 부주의한
40. timid 겁이 많은, 자신이 없는
41. unscientific 비과학적인, 비학술적인

You must be a man of ability. 당신은 능력이 대단하시군요.

Is there anything you can't do? 못하는 게 없으시군요.

I wish I had your will power. 당신 같은 강한 의지력 좀 있었으면 해요.

You are coming along well. 아주 잘 하고 있어요.

How come you speak such good English? 어떻게 그렇게 영어를 잘하십니까?  

You speak English without an accent.마치 미국 사람처럼 영어를 잘하십니다.
You are in good command of English.영어를 훌륭하게 구사하시는 군요.

You always know the right thing to say.당신은 참 인사성이 밝으시군요.

Oh, that's keen !어마, 멋있군요 ! 

He's a gentleman in every sense of the word.그는 어느 모로 보나 신사입니다.  

You're lovelier than your pictures. 사진보다 실물이 더 예쁘네요.

You look fit. 건강해 보이시는 군요.
How do you keep in shape? 어쩜 그렇게 날씬하세요? 

You're all dressed up. 자네 쪽 뺐군. (굉장하게 차려입었군.)

You did a fine job. 참 잘하셨어요. 

Mary Altaffer/AP

A tax service company in Brooklyn, N.Y, on Tuesday, the filing deadline for federal taxes.

More than 99 million federal taxpayers had filed their returns as of Tuesday, with more than 80 million of those expecting a refund.

People who file at the last minute — and Tuesday is this year's deadline — are somewhat more likely to owe money to the government. And if Congress and the president don't act, next year could see many more Americans paying higher taxes.

That's not because either President Obama or presumptive Republican challenger Mitt Romney advocate a tax increase for most Americans.

Last week in St. Louis, Romney received applause when he declared: "Instead of raising taxes, I'm going to cut 'em."

Obama is almost as tax averse, limiting his call for tax hikes to the wealthiest 2 percent of Americans. He has called for tax hikes only for those making $250,000 a year or more.

A Bush-Era Tradition

And yet, the way the tax law is now written, 2012 could mark the end of more than a decade of rock-bottom taxes.

"Potentially, we could see the biggest tax increase in modern history" in 2013, says Bob Williams of the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center.

The tax cuts championed by President George W. Bush a decade ago, and extended in 2010, are due to expire at year's end. That would mean higher taxes at every level of income, as well as higher taxes on dividends, inheritance and capital gains.

"The biggest hits would be on the very wealthy," says Williams. "Those are the people who've benefited most from the Bush-era tax cuts. But people at the very bottom would be hit as well."

All of this will happen automatically unless Congress and the president act in concert to prevent it.

"It's the do-nothing option," says Williams. "If Congress does nothing, taxes go up automatically."

Not everyone is alarmed by that.

New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg told CBS last month that taxes have to go up for everyone in order to put a dent in the federal budget.

"Most of this country is middle class. And that's where most of the tax revenue is. So if you want to raise $4 trillion over the next 10 years, which gets you halfway — only halfway — to a balanced budget, everybody's taxes have to go up," said Bloomberg.

Action, Or 'Benign Neglect'?

Economist Diane Lim Rogers of the deficit-watchdog Concord Coalition agrees that stemming the tide of red ink will require more tax revenue. But she sees some problems with letting the Bush-era tax cuts expire all at once.

"It wouldn't be the worst thing that could happen," says Rogers. "I think economists would prefer that instead of things happening out of benign neglect, that better things could happen out of good policymaking."

And Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke warns that a sudden, automatic increase in tax rates across the board next year could weaken a still fragile economy.

Rogers says a better approach would be to gradually close some of the special loopholes and deductions in the tax code that cost the government more than $1 trillion a year.

"The federal government spends a lot of money on benefit programs for the rich," says Rogers. "It just spends that money through the tax system rather than on the direct spending side of the budget."

But any big rewrite of the tax code is politically challenging.

Hopes for a grand budget bargain fell apart last year when Obama pressed for more tax revenue, and Republicans refused. If Obama wins re-election in November, Bloomberg thinks the threat of automatic tax hikes will give him more negotiating leverage with Congress.

"All the president has to do is say, 'I am going to veto any bill that tries to stop the automatic ending of the Bush-era tax cuts for everybody,' " explains Bloomberg. "And then everybody's taxes will go up."