고유명사에는 원칙적으로 관사를 붙이지 않지만 아래의 구체적인 사례들을 보시면 일부 붙이는 경우도 있습니다.^^
Articles with Miscellaneous Proper Names
This material contains a list of topically grouped proper names, such as names of schools, organizations, companies, buildings, places of interest, awards, nationalities, illustrating the use of articles.
Note: Articles with geographic names and personal names are described in Articles: Geographic Names and Articles with People's Names in the section Grammar.
Schools, colleges, universities, academies
No article:
Lincoln Elementary School, Ford High School;
Amherst College, Barnard College, Boston College, Teachers College;
Cambridge University, Chicago State University, Columbia University, Harvard University, London University, Moscow State University, Ohio State University, Oxford University, Princeton University, Rockefeller University, Stanford University, Yale University.
But: the George Washington University, the John Hopkins University, the Sorbonne.
Article the:
the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the University of Chicago, the State University of New York, the City University of New York;
the Harvard School of Business, the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, the Julliard School of Music, the Mayo School of Medicine;
the College of William and Mary, the College of the Holy Cross;
the Royal Academy of Art, the National Academy of Sciences, the U.S. Military Academy.
Organizations, government, committees, parties, associations, foundations, clubs
Article the:
the United Nations (the UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO);
the Congress of the United States (but: Congress), the Senate, the House of Representatives;
the Parliament of Great Britain (but: Parliament), the House of Commons, the House of Lords;
the European Parliament, the British Parliament, the Irish Parliament, the Swedish Parliament;
the Reagan Administration (but: Reagan's Administration), the Bush Administration (but: Bush's Administration);
the Finance Committee, the Judiciary Committee, the Department of Commerce,
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (the FBI);
the Republican Party, the Democratic Party, the Socialist Party;
the Canadian Library Association, the Teachers' Association, the National Basketball Association (the NBA), the American Automobile Association (the AAA);
the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the International Monetary Fund (the IMF), the World Wildlife Fund (the WWF);
the Kennel Club, the Cotton Club, the Rotary Club, the nuclear club.
Companies, corporations, businesses, firms
No article:
Ford, General Motors, International Business Machines (IBM), Microsoft, Mitsubishi, Samsung Electronics, Citibank, Time Warner Inc., British Telecom, McDonald's, Sears, Procter and Gamble, Estee Lauder Inc.
Article the:
the Ford Motor Company, the Mitsubishi Manufacturing Company, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the World Bank, the Bank of New York.
Museums, galleries, monuments, memorials, cathedrals, palaces, places of interest
Article the:
the Louvre Museum, the British Museum, the Vatican Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Prado Museum, the Hermitage (Museum), the Pushkin Museum, the Historical Museum;
the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery, the Tretyakov Gallery;
the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the Statue of Liberty, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
the Pyramids, the Colosseum / the Coliseum, the Parthenon, the Taj Mahal, the Kremlin, the Great Wall of China;
the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, the Cathedral of Saint Basil;
the Palace of Versailles, the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Forbidden City.
No article:
Stonehenge, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Palace;
Saint Peter's Basilica, Saint Paul's Cathedral, Canterbury Cathedral, Westminster Abbey.
Halls, centers, buildings, houses, towers, theaters, libraries
No article:
Carnegie Hall, City Hall, Avery Fisher Hall, Radio City Music Hall;
Rockefeller Center, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Epcot Center.
Article the:
the Royal Albert Hall, the John Hancock Center, the Kennedy Center of the Performing Arts, the Kennedy Space Center, the Civic Center.
the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, the Seagram Building, the Capitol (Building);
the Houses of Parliament, the Sydney Opera House, the Metropolitan Opera House;
the Sears Tower, the Eiffel Tower, the Tower of London, the Leaning Tower of Pisa;
the Bolshoi Theatre, the Moscow Art Theatre, the Apollo Theater;
the Library of Congress, the New York Public Library, the British Library, the Bibliotheque Nationale, the Lenin Library.
Parks, national parks, amusement parks, gardens, squares
No article:
Gorky Park, Central Park, Hyde Park, Yellowstone National Park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Grand Canyon National Park;
Disney World, Disneyland, Europa Park;
Saint Peter's Square, Red Square, Trafalgar Square, Times Square, Union Square, Harvard Square.
But: the Cathedral Square.
Article the:
the Botanical Gardens, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, the Longwood Gardens, the Montreal Botanical Garden, the Arnold Arboretum, Tivoli / the Tivoli Gardens.
Bridges
Article the:
the Brooklyn Bridge, the George Washington Bridge, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge, the Albert Bridge.
No article:
London Bridge, Tower Bridge, Waterloo Bridge, Westminster Bridge.
Airports
No article:
Heathrow Airport, Charles de Gaulle Airport, Schiphol Airport, Frankfurt International Airport, Hong Kong International Airport, Kennedy Airport.
Article the:
the John F. Kennedy International Airport, the Los Angeles International Airport, the Sheremetyevo International Airport.
Hotels
Article the:
the Hilton Hotel, the Sheraton Hotel, the Plaza, the Hotel California, the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, the Ambassador Hotel.
But: Holiday Inn.
Newspapers, magazines
Newspapers, Article the:
The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Boston Globe, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Observer.
the Los Angeles Times, the Financial Times, the New York Post, the Daily News, the Chicago Tribune, the San Francisco Chronicle.
But: USA Today.
Magazines, No article:
Newsweek, Time, Reader's Digest, National Geographic, Sports Illustrated, PC World, Classic Rock, Mad.
Good Housekeeping, Better Homes and Gardens, Harper's Bazaar, Canadian Living, Cosmopolitan, Vogue.
But: The New Yorker, The Economist.
Note:
The definite article is part of the name: The New York Times. The definite article is not part of the name: the Los Angeles Times.
Conferences, documents
Article the:
the Washington Summit, the Moscow Summit, the Yalta Conference;
the Charter of the United Nations / the UN Charter, the Helsinki Accords, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States / the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights;
the Truman Doctrine (but: Truman's program).
Prizes, awards
Article the:
the Nobel Prize, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the Nobel Prize in Literature, the Nobel Prize for Peace;
the Pulitzer Prize, the Pulitzer Prize for Music, the Academy Awards, the Academy Award for Best Actor, the Grammy Award, the Tony Awards;
the Order of Suvorov, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of Friendship, the Medal for Valour.
Note:
the + name of the award = the name of the award. Examples: Max Planck received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918. Bertrand Russel received the 1950 Nobel Prize for literature. Oliver Stone received the Academy Award for best screenplay in 1978.
a/an + name of the award = one of such awards. Examples: Mary Pickford received a special Academy Award in 1976. Jack Nicholson won an Academy Award for best actor for his performance in the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.
Holidays
No article:
Christmas, Chrismas Eve, New Year's Day, New Year's, New Year's Eve, Saint Patrick's Day, Easter, April Fools' Day, Mother's Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Halloween, All Saints' Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, Mardi Gras.
But: the Fourth of July, the Cherry Festival, the Jazz Festival.
Languages
No article:
German, Italian, Russian, Korean, English, Spanish, Danish, Swedish, Polish, French, Dutch, Arabic, Greek, Chinese, Japanese, Hindi, Latin;
British English, American English, Australian English, Canadian English.
But: the English language, the French language, the Russian language, the Arabic language, the Chinese language, the Greek language.
Examples: Canada has two official languages, English and French. Do you speak Spanish? Diana is studying the history of the English language.
Nationalities, population, inhabitants of countries and cities
Singular, Article a/an (in general):
an American, a Belgian, a Canadian, a German, an Italian, a Mexican, a Russian, a Californian, a Texan;
an Englishman, an Englishwoman, an Irishman, an Irishwoman, a Frenchman, a Dutchman;
a Greek, a Spaniard, an Arab, a Dane, a Swede, a Finn, a Pole, a Turk, an Israeli, a Swiss, a Chinese, a Japanese, a Portuguese, a Vietnamese.
a Bostonian, a Parisian, a Chicagoan, a Londoner, a New Yorker, a Los Angeleno, a Denverite.
Examples: There are two Mexicans, a Greek, and a Chinese in Tom's class. Article the (if specific): Juan is the Mexican I told you about.
Plural, No article (in general):
Europeans, Africans, Asians, Australians, Americans, North Americans, South Americans, Latin Americans, Hispanic Americans, African Americans, Chinese Americans;
Belgians, Canadians, French Canadians, Germans, Italians, Russians, Ukrainians, Englishmen, Irishmen, Frenchmen, Californians, Texans;
Bostonians, Parisians, Chicagoans, Londoners, New Yorkers, Los Angelenos, Denverites.
Examples: French Canadians constitute about 80 percent of the population of Quebec. Germans and Norwegians began to settle in Minnesota in the 19th century. Italians love festivals.
Plural, Article the (to single out as a group of people):
the Arabs, the Danes, the Swedes, the Finns, the Greeks, the Poles, the Turks, the Israelis, the Italians, the Russians.
Examples: The Danes constitute about 95 percent of the population of Denmark. The Italians were the first nation in Europe to develop nutritious and tasty cuisine that required little cooking time.
People collectively, Article the + adjective:
Meaning: the British = the British people, the Chinese = the Chinese people.
the British, the English, the Irish, the Spanish, the French, the Dutch, the Swiss;
the Chinese, the Japanese, the Lebanese, the Portuguese, the Vietnamese.
Examples: The French started to settle in Quebec in the 17th century. New York was settled by the Dutch in the 17th century. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French people to the American people.
BE + adjective, No article: Alicia is Spanish. Anthony is English. Karen is German. Takeshi is Japanese. Gabrielle and Gaston are French. Olga, Tanya, and Ivan are Russian.
Note: Typical use in conversation
Karen is from Germany. John is from Ireland. Tom is from the United States. Gabrielle and Gaston are from France. I'm from Russia.
Alice is from Boston. Marie is from Paris. Kevin is from Texas.
Alicia is Spanish. Giuseppe is Italian. Andre is French. Mary and John are Irish. Mr. and Mrs. Suzuki are Japanese. I'm Russian.
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