기초영어에서 에세이까지 최병길의 영어 놀터 www.choibg.com
나와 궁합이 잘 맞는 영어? 가급적 그런 영어를 입력해야 출력 (말하기,쓰기)이 쉽습니다!

평소에 심심풀이 삼아 영어사전을 죽 훓어보는 버릇은 참 좋은 공부방법 중 하나이다.

사실 영어사전에 없는 것은 별로 없다. 그만큼 사전에는 온갖 알짜 정보가 가득하다.

우리가 평소에 궁금해 하던 것을, 혹은 자신이 이미 알고 있다고 확신하고 있는 것 조차도

가끔씩 찾아보다 보면 "아하 이거였구나!" "아 내가 잘못 알고 있었구나!"

이런 것들이 숱하다.

사전은 우리의 영어를 정확하게 해주고 보충해주고 바로 잡아준다.

사전보다 더 좋은 공부 재료는 사실 별로 없다.

아무리 바쁘더라도 가끔씩은 영어사전을 뒤적이는 버릇을 들이자.

아마도 여러분의 영어는 고수의 반열에 곧 들게 될 것이다.

대구 계성고등학교 3학년 때의 일이다.

그 당시(1978년)에 우리학교에는 철야독서실이라는 것이 있었다.

침실까지 별도로 갖춘 그야말로 1년 내내 거의 상주할 수 있는 곳이었다.

일단 3학년들 중에서 전교석차를 기준으로 입실을 허락하던 시기가 있었다.

그 당시에 내가 선출직 심부름꾼(=실장)을 맡고 있었다.

그런데 일요일 오전에 평소에 안면이 있던 2학년 한 명이 독서실에 나와 있었다.

그 학생은 2학년 문과에서 전교 1,2등을 하던 학생이었고 나중에 서울대 법대에 진학했다.

가만히 보니 오전 내내 별 할일도 없는 듯이 영어사전 (그 당시 엣센스 영한사전)을 뒤적뒤적 하고 있었다.

내가 뭐 하느냐고 물어보았더니 그냥 재미삼아 사전을 보고있다고 했다.

나도 그 당시에 2만 단어 정도의 소사전을 하나 외우고 있던 터라 그 일이 상당히 인상 깊었다.

요즘도 나는 집에서 소파에 느긋하게 앉아 영어방송을 들을 때 가끔씩 영어사전을 슬슬 훓어본다.

이럴 때는 영영사전 보다는 오히려 영한사전이 내용도 더 다양하고 재미있다.

이것이 내게 얼마나 큰 도움을 주는지 모른다.

이제껏 내가 희미하게 알고 있던 것들이 명확해지고

상당히 오해하고 있던 것들이 바로 잡아지고

완전히 새로운 기초가 추가되기도 한다.

사전을 많이 접할수록 영어실력은 확실히 기초가 단단해 진다.

프로야구 초기시절에 MBC청룡 구단의 김동엽 감독이 TV에서 한 말은 감동적이었다.

"프로와 아마추어의 핵심적인 차이는 기본기입니다."

나도 영어를 오랫동안 공부해 온 사람으로서 그 말에 늘 공감한다.

사전을 가까이 두고 자주 접하면 확실히 기본기가 달라진다.

아주 튼튼해지고 새로워지고 정확해진다.

말이라고 다 같은 말이 아니다.

대충 대충 그냥 의사소통만 되는 말이 있고

정확하고 부드럽고 감동을 주는 말이 있다.

다 같이 영어로 말하고 그런대로 소통이 되더라도

그들 가운데는 많은 차이가 있을 수 있다.

오늘 부터라도 영어사전, 그것도 가급적 종이사전을, 늘 가까이 두고

틈만 나면 찾아보고, 더 나아가서는, 찾아 볼 것이 없더라도 평소에

심심풀이 삼아 슬슬 훓어보는 버릇을 들이도록 하자.

여러분은 분명 영어고수의 반열에 곧 들게 될 것이다.

2012. 7. 1. 일요일 방배동 집에서 최병길

It's the great weekend again.

My wife and daughter are away in Daejeon for the missionary conference.

I've vacuumed and cleaned around at home and washed all the dishes.

I've been watching CNN all the morning.

I'm happy that my wife and daughter will be back home today.

I fasted this morning. This is my regular fast, once every month.

I do that for the North Korean people.

Every month I send W10,000, the money I saved through my fast, to them through a charity organization.

I also send W30,000 to a child in Guatemala through the charity organization of Good Neighbors.

All the goals of my life have already been achieved.

I don't have any other goal except helping others in the Universe.

Thank God it's Saturday.

Have a good day, Father.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

Accreditation - A university that is accredited has been acknowledged to meet certain standards by an accrediting agency that is recognized by the U.S. Department of Education or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). A full list of accrediting groups currently recognized by one or both of those entities is available on the CHEA website.

For more information on accreditation, and how to know if a school is accredited, see our original Glossary post on this topic.

Adjunct (or Adjunct Professor) – Someone who teaches at a university but is not employed full-time by the institution; often a scholar/practitioner who is contracted to teach a course.

Alumni – Students who have graduated from a university. If you’re talking about one student, you would say they are an alumnus (for a male) or alumna (for a female).

Assistant Professor – One of three ranks for a regular faculty member at a university, along with Associate Professor and Full Professor. This is the lowest of the three, and indicates that the professor has not received tenure (protection from being fired).

Associate’s Degree – A two-year undergraduate degree, typically awarded by community colleges and junior colleges. Some associate’s degrees are typically used as transfer degrees, meaning that after completing the two-year degree, the student would transfer their credits towards a four-year bachelor’s degree. Other associate’s degrees are career-oriented and “terminal,” meaning they train a student to pursue a certain career.

Associate Professor – One of three ranks for a regular faculty member at a university, along with Assistant Professor and Full Professor. This is the middle of the three, and indicates that the professor has received tenure (protection from being fired).

Audit – To take a course for your own knowledge, rather than for credit towards your degree.

B

Bachelor’s Degree – This is the degree awarded by an undergraduate college or university. The most common type of bachelor’s degrees is a BA (Bachelor of Arts – sometimes abbreviated AB), which is the standard degree awarded by liberal arts colleges. Some schools also offer a Bachelor of Science for students in science and engineering fields.

Bachelor of Arts – The Bachelor of Arts degree (abbreviated BA or AB) is the most common degree awarded for undergraduate studies in the U.S. It can be awarded for any academic discipline – not just the creative arts.

The term “arts” in this case is used in the sense of liberal arts, not creative arts.

C

Catalog – A university catalog (or college catalog) is an official publication that contains all the information a current or prospective student might need about academics and student services at a university.

Certificate – Recognition for completing a non-degree program. Some colleges or universities also allow you to pursue a certificate while studying for a degree in another field.

College – In the U.S. the word “college” is used fairly interchangeably with the word “university.” There’s no official difference, and the fact that one school is called a college while another is called a university doesn’t necessarily mean there is a difference between them.

The most common difference between schools called college and schools called university is that a college is usually an undergraduate-focused institution, whereas a university includes graduate-level and research components. Hence the reason why an undergraduate attends Harvard College, which is the undergraduate component of Harvard University.

In everyday conversation, college is the term used to describe the level of education after high school (“After I graduate, I’m going to college.”).

You might also hear the word “college” used to describe academic subdivisions within a university (the Washington College of Law is the law school of American University).  And the word college is also used in the term “community college,” which is a school that offers two-year degrees as opposed to four-year degrees.

Community College – A community college is a 2-year institution. Students who attend a community college can then transfer to a four-year college or university to complete their bachelor’s degree. Community colleges typically also offer career-focused associate degrees (two-year undergraduate degrees).

Community college and junior college refer to the same type of education. Junior college typically refers to a private institution and community college to a public one.

Course – A course is a regularly scheduled class. Courses typically last one term and meet for several hours each week.

Credit – Credits are units used to measure the contribution that an academic course makes towards attaining your degree. Universities require you to take a certain number of credits to graduate, and each course offered by a university is assigned a value in credits, usually based on how much time you’re expected to spend on it (hence credits are also often called “credit-hours”).

D

Dean – The head of a collection of departments or of an administrative division (ex: Dean of Admissions, Dean of Student Life)

Doctor – A doctor can be someone who has graduated medical school with an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) degree or someone who has received a Doctorate (like a Ph.D.) in their academic discipline.

E

Emeritus (or Professor Emeritus) – Someone who has retired but still teaches part-time. It is often an honorific title, indicating that the professor achieved excellence during their time as a tenured faculty member.

F

Faculty – The professors and instructors of a university.

Freshman (or frosh) – The four years of undergraduate education are called (1) freshman year, and someone in their first year is a freshman; (2) sophomore year, and someone in their second year is a sophomore; (3) junior year, and someone in their third year is a junior; (4) senior year, and someone in their fourth year is a senior.

These same terms apply in the same way to the four years of a standard high school: 9th grade is freshman year, 10th grade sophomore year, 11th grade junior year, and 12th grade senior year. They are not used for graduate school.

Full Professor (also just Professor) – One of three ranks for a regular faculty member at a university, along with Assistant Professor and Associate Professor. This is the highest of the three, and indicates that the professor has received tenure (protection from being fired) and achieved further recognition of achievement.

G

Grade – Your grade on a test or exam describes how well you did. In the U.S. it is more common to use the word “grade” than “mark” or “score,” although any of those words may be used.

Your grade can also describe what year you are in school. This term typically only applies to elementary (primary), middle, and high school. It is not used for college or graduate school. The grades go from 1 (called first grade) to 12 (called twelfth grade or senior year). Most students are 6 or 7 years old in first grade, and 17 or 18 years old in twelfth grade.

Gymnasium (gym) – A building where athletic activities take place. Most colleges and universities have a gym for students to use for sports and athletic activities.  The gym will usually have a fitness center where students can work out.  In everyday English, that fitness center is also called a gym. The building where indoor varsity sports are played may also be called a gym.

I

Institute – An institute is usually an organization devoted to research. In practice, this can mean three things in the context of an American university:

(1) Most commonly, something called an “institute” is a research group or think tank. Sometimes these are housed within or affiliated with a university. They don’t offer classes, but they probably offer seminars and internship opportunities for students. The Georgetown Health Policy Institute is a group of faculty and staff of Georgetown University who conduct research on health policy. The Quinnipiac University Bioanthropology Research Institute is housed within Quinnipiac’s School of Health Sciences and conducts research in various fields of biology and anthropology.

(2) Institute can be used in the name of a university, and in that context is just a synonym for “college” or “university.” The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (better known as MIT) is one example of this.

(3) Institute can be used in the name of an academic department, and would describe an area of study you could major in. For example, the Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies is an academic department with the Johns Hopkins University.

M

Master’s – The degree awarded by a graduate school for completing postgraduate study (postgraduate = after the bachelor’s degree). Most master’s degrees take one or two years of full-time study to complete. Like bachelor’s degrees, there are many specialized types of master’s degrees, but the most common are the master of arts (M.A.), master of science (M.S.) and master of business administration (M.B.A.).

J

Junior – The four years of undergraduate education are called (1) freshman year, and someone in their first year is a freshman; (2) sophomore year, and someone in their second year is a sophomore; (3) junior year, and someone in their third year is a junior; (4) senior year, and someone in their fourth year is a senior.

These same terms apply in the same way to the four years of a standard high school: 9th grade is freshman year, 10th grade sophomore year, 11th grade junior year, and 12th grade senior year. They are not used for graduate school.

L

Liberal arts college – A “liberal arts college” refers specifically to a small school that only teaches undergraduates, emphasizes a well-rounded education and usually requires students to take courses in several major disciplines, and prefers to teach using discussion-based courses rather than lectures.

P

Ph.D. (Doctorate) – The highest academic degree awarded by a university. A Ph.D. usually requires at least 3 years of graduate study beyond the last degree received, and completion of oral/written exams and a dissertation of original research. Someone who receives a Ph.D. is called a doctor, and can be referred to as “Dr. + last name” just like a medical doctor.

Provost – The senior academic position at a university, and usually the second highest office after the president or chancellor.

S

Scholarship – A scholarship is one type of financial aid that a student can get. It is free money to cover some portion of tuition, fees or other expenses. A scholarship does not have to be repaid, but can come with conditions, such as maintaining a particular grade point average.

School – In the U.S. a “school” is any educational institution. Places of elementary, secondary, higher and graduate education can be called schools (and are!).

School of Education – Some colleges and universities have a “school of education” within them. This would be the department of the university that trains you to become a teacher or to have another career within the field of education.

Senior – See definition for “sophomore” below.

Sophomore (or soph) – The four years of undergraduate education are called (1) freshman year, and someone in their first year is a freshman; (2) sophomore year, and someone in their second year is a sophomore; (3) junior year, and someone in their third year is a junior; (4) senior year, and someone in their fourth year is a senior.

These same terms apply in the same way to the four years of a standard high school: 9th grade is freshman year, 10th grade sophomore year, 11th grade junior year, and 12th grade senior year. They are not used for graduate school.

T

Transcript – A transcript is an official record of the courses you took and grades you received in high school, college or graduate school.

U

Underway – Underway means “currently in progress,” and is often used when people were waiting for something to start. So, “the application process is underway” means the application process has started and is currently ongoing.

University – See “college.”

W

Webinar – A seminar, workshop or lecture that happens online. It’s a combination of the words “web” (like internet) and “seminar.”

The U.S. Supreme Court handed President Barack Obama a major victory, upholding the key part of his controversial health care plan in a 5-4 decision.

The so-called "individual mandate" requires Americans to purchase heath insurance or face a financial penalty.  Chief Justice John Roberts ruled with the court's more liberal justices, writing in his majority opinion that "because the Constitution permits such a tax, it is not our [the court's] role to forbid it, or to pass upon its wisdom or fairness.''  

The Obama administration had argued the "individual mandate" was constitutional because all Americans will need medical care at some point in their lives -- individuals do not choose to participate in the health care market.

Twenty-six states filed suit against the reform law, contending that individuals cannot be forced to buy insurance, a product they may neither want nor need.

CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English. I’m Christopher Cruise.
 
BARBARA KLEIN: And I’m Barbara Klein. Today, we tell about a project called “The Map of Life.” We also tell about a study of modern dogs and their ancestors. And we tell about a major anniversary for the world famous Golden Gate Bridge.
 
(MUSIC)
 
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Suppose you would like to catch a muskellunge. Where in the world would you go to find that fish species? Where can you take a picture of the rare Giant Petrel bird? Or where would you find fields of calaloo?
 
If you have an Internet connection, you may get the answers to such questions with a new map. It shows the natural habitat, or living spaces, of about twenty-five thousand species. They include all land animals with backbones, animals that live on land and water, and most of the fresh water fish in North America.
 
You can test a version of this new technology tool at Mappinglife.org. Information is being continually added. And, perhaps best of all, the information is free. You do not pay to use the service.
 
BARBARA KLEIN: The new map was described recently in the journal Trends in Ecology and Environment. Its creators say the map will provide the first interactive, two-way path to information about biodiversity – the many living creatures found on Earth. Users will be able over time to add or change information about species.
 
Walter Jetz is a conservation biologist at Yale University in Connecticut. He was lead writer of the report. He says information used in the map comes from several sources. They include workers with the United States National Park Service, field guides, and observations from individual scientists. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility in Denmark also supplied information. The center made available more than three hundred million records of plant and animal locations.     
 
The information is in different colors and shapes so it is easy to recognize what areas you want to research.
 
 Mr. Jetz says, “The map is the where and the when of a species. The hope is for this to include hundreds of thousands of animals and plants and show how much or how little we know of their whereabouts.” 
 
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Robert Guralnick of the University of Colorado is another member of the mapping team. He says the online map will help governments and scientists decide how to use land and plan conservation efforts. And, it may also provide information about climate change and about diseases passed between animals and people. 
 
The researchers say the success of the project will depend on the help of other scientists, environmental groups and people with knowledge of the subject. 
 
Mr. Guralnick says the next step is to provide ways for anyone, anywhere to find animal and plant distributions with mobile or wireless technology. He says it is even possible that people could learn their chances of making contact with a wildlife species. He adds that the “Map of Life” project is following the examples of other banks of knowledge.
 
(MUSIC)
 
BARBARA KLEIN: Modern dogs may look like the animals painted on the walls of ancient Egyptian buildings. But a new report says many centuries of cross-breeding make it hard to learn about the ancestry of man’s best friend. The report appears in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.
 
Scientists say it is wrong to call some modern dog breeds “ancient.” That includes what are said to be ancient breeds, like the Shar-Pei, the Akita and the Afghan hound. The new report says those animals are not closer to the first domesticated dogs than any other modern breed. Earlier research suggested that their genetic structure was similar to ancient breeds.
 
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Dogs were the first animals to become domesticated. Experts say dogs stopped being wild about fifteen thousand years ago. Domestication involved changes in the make-up, or structure, of genes. Over time, dogs became work animals. For example, some breeds were very good at protecting and guiding farm animals. But others were not house-trained and were not kept as pets until about two thousand years ago.
 
The international team of scientific researchers based their results on a study of ancient and modern dogs. They worked with one thousand three-hundred seventy-five animals. The animals represented thirty-five dog breeds. 
 
BARBARA KLEIN: The researchers examined the genetic structure of one hundred twenty-one breeds. Then they compared that information with a worldwide archeological study of the remains of the earliest dogs. They also studied the genes of nineteen wolves. Earlier research suggested that modern dogs may have developed first from the grey wolf. 
 
The researchers say human movement is another reason for the genetic difference between ancient and modern dog breeds. Historic events like the two world wars also affected the dog population.
 
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Greger Larson of Durham University in England was lead writer of the report. Professor Larson says dogs have followed humans everywhere. And he notes, “We really love our dogs, and they have accompanied us across every continent.”
 
The researchers say some of the findings about what are considered “ancient” breeds seem opposite of what you might think. For example, none of the oldest breeds came from areas where the oldest archeological remains have been found. 
 
Keith Dobney from the University of Aberdeen in Scotland also worked on the research team. He said, “We still have some way to go to understand how, where and when the dog became man’s best friend.”  
 
(MUSIC)
 
BARBARA KLEIN: Finally, the Golden Gate Bridge is celebrating its seventy-fifth anniversary. The bridge opened to vehicle traffic on May twenty-eighth, nineteen thirty-seven. Since then, more than two billion vehicles have crossed the world famous structure between San Francisco and Marin County, California. As many as one hundred twelve thousand cars make the trip each day.
 
The Golden Gate Bridge had the longest suspension span in the world, at the time it was built. The suspended roadway stretches one thousand two hundred eighty meters between the bridge’s two tall towers. Today it still rates among the top ten longest bridge spans in existence.
 
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: Mary Currie works for the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. She says the bridge is one of the most extraordinary engineering projects of all time.
 
MARY CURRIE: “The Golden Gate Bridge is an engineering marvel certainly, and it gets award after award after award for what it means in civil engineering and structural engineering. It’s also a place where things happen first. For example, we were the first suspension bridge to have to change the roadway deck.” 
 
The Golden Gate Bridge is named after the Golden Gate Strait. That narrow passage of water connects the San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Joseph Strauss was the chief engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge project. Work began in nineteen thirty-three. The project took four years to complete.
 
BARBARA KLEIN: The bridge is two thousand seven hundred eighty-eight meters long from one end to the other. It is twenty-seven meters wide. Two large cables pass over the top of the bridge’s towers. These structures stand two hundred twenty-seven meters above water and one hundred fifty-two meters above the road. Each cable holds more than twenty-seven thousand five hundred strands of wire.
 
Two hundred fifty pairs of vertical suspender ropes connect the support cables to the suspension bridge. This is part of what enables the bridge to move up and down by nearly five meters.
 
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: The Golden Gate Bridge weighed eight hundred eleven million five hundred thousand kilograms when it was completed in nineteen thirty-seven. The San Francisco Chronicle newspaper called the finished project, “a thirty-five million dollar steel harp!”
 
Architect Irving Morrow gets credit for the bridge’s bright orange color. The Navy wanted the bridge painted in yellow and black. The Air Force had suggested red and white.
 
MARY CURRIE: “But we were fortunate that Irving Morrow knew that that color would blend with the environment, it would contrast with the ocean and the air above, and it would also allow the art deco styling to really stand out.”
 
(MUSIC)
 
BARBARA KLEIN: This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS was written by Jerilyn Watson and June Simms, who was also the producer. I’m Barbara Klein.
 
CHRISTOPHER CRUISE: And I’m Christopher Cruise. You can find transcripts, MP3s and podcasts of our programs at voaspecialenglish.com. And you can find us on Twitter and YouTube at VOA Learning English. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

ㆍaccomplishment 성과, 업적, 실현, 수행
ㆍacknowledge ~을 인정하다, 승인하다, 자인하다, 자백하다
ㆍAfrican Continent 아프리카 대륙
ㆍalert 방심하지 않는, 빈틈없는, 조심성 있는
ㆍalleged (함부로) 주장된, 단정된
ㆍbizarre 별난, 기묘한, 이상한, 기괴한
ㆍblow a raspberry 혀를 내밀고 놀리다
ㆍchew 씹다, 깨물다
ㆍchild molestation 아동 성희롱
ㆍcommon 통례의, 잘 일어나는, 흔히 있는
ㆍfighter 싸우는 사람, 투사, 전사
ㆍin search of ~을 찾아서 *search for ~을 찾다
ㆍlayer 층(層), 겹쳐 쌓음
ㆍMontgomery 몽고메리; 미국 Alabama 주의 주도
ㆍprocedure (~의) 조치, 처분, (의학적인) 처치
ㆍresponding 반응[대응]하는
ㆍsevere burns 심한 화상
ㆍsocial worker 사회 사업가
ㆍsuffer 고통을 받다[겪다], 괴로워하다, (~로) 상처 입다, 피해[손해]를 입다
ㆍsuspect 용의자 *엑센트는 1음절에 있음. 2음절에 오면 '의심하다'임. *名前動後의 법칙
ㆍtake the stand 증인대에 서다
ㆍtestify 증언하다, 증명하다
ㆍundergo ~을 받다, 겪다, 경험하다
ㆍvictim 희생(자), 피해자

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시험에 나오는 영문법 총정리-총48쪽.hwp

시험전 영어 어법 100선.pdf

요즘 토플이니, 대학교 에세이니 해서 영어로 글을 써서 내는 일이 무척 많아졌습니다. 영어 Writing 및 에세이 때문에 고생하시는 분들을 위해 몇자 적어볼까 합니다.



원래 Writing 은 영어의 가장 마지막 단계로, 제일 어려운 부분입니다. 어휘력도 좋아야하고 문법도 맞아야하며 무엇보다 내 생각을 효과적으로 드러내야하기 때문이지요. 에세이를 쓰면서 저 나름대로 그 노하우를 만들어왔는데 저는 제 노하우로 꽤 큰 효과를 봤습니다. 한번 참고해보셔도 나쁘진 않을 듯 합니다.



1. 중복되는 단어는 피하자!



영어로 에세이를 쓸 때, 똑같은 단어를 계속 쓰는 것은 좋지 않습니다. 전체적으로 봤을 때, 똑같은 단어를 자주 쓰게 되면 너무 글이 혼잡해보이기 때문에 좋은 이미지를 주지 못합니다. 따라서 똑같은 뜻의 단어를 2~3개 정도 더 외우시는 것이 좋습니다. 특히 접속사는 쓸 일이 많기 때문에 접속사를 많이 외워두시면 좋습니다. 그리고 주어 역시 자꾸 똑같이 반복해서 쓰는 경우도 안 좋습니다. 한 에세이에 I(나) 만 30번 나오는 경우도 있는데, 그럴 경우는 분사구문 같은 것을 이용해서 처리해주시면 좋습니다. I was hungry and I ate two apples. 라고 쓰기 보다는 'I was hungry, eating two apples.' 라고 쓰시는 것이 좋습니다. If you are done, you have to finish this. 보다는 If done, you have to finish this. 이런 식으로 쓰는게 더 보기 좋다는거죠.   



※ 그러므로, 따라서 - therefore, hence, since, consequently, accordingly, so...

※ 때문에 - because (of), thanks to, due to, owing to, for, since...

※ 그러나 - but, however, still, yet, nonetheless, nevertheless, although, though, in spite of, despite...



2. 중복된 표현도 피해요!



문장을 쓸 때 어쩔 수 없이 똑같은 문장을 써야할 때가 있습니다. '일본인들은 젓가락으로 식사를 하는 경향이 있는 반면, 한국인들은 숟가락으로 식사하는 경향이 있다.' 라는 문장을 쓸 때, 'Korean people tend to have a meal with a spoon while Japanese people tend to have a meal with chopsticks.' 라고 쓸 수 있지만 이것보다는 'Korean people tend to have a meal with a spoon while Japanese people with chopsticks.' 라고 쓰는 것이 더 효과적입니다.



3. 웬만하면 because, so, and, or 같은 접속사는 문장 맨 앞에 쓰지 말아요!



물론 접속사를 맨 앞에 써도 문법적으로 틀린 것은 아니지만, 맨 앞에 접속사를 쓸 경우 썩 좋은 이미지를 주지 못합니다. 우리나라말도 '나는 공부를 한다. 왜냐하면 나는 학생이기 때문이다.' 라고 접속사를 맨 앞에 쓰는 것보다는 '나는 학생이기 때문에 공부를 한다.' 라는 표현이 더 자연스럽고 매끄러운 것과 같은 이치입니다. 따라서 because, and, so, or 을 맨 앞에 쓰는 것은 가급적 피하도록 합니다.



4. 어려운 단어는 피해야!



가끔씩 어려운 단어를 많이 써야 더 멋있고 좋은 에세이라고 생각하시는 분들이 계신데요, 절대로 아닙니다. 오히려 어려운 단어가 많을수록 에세이의 질은 떨어집니다. 에세이를 쓸 때는 독자를 먼저 생각해야합니다. 독자는 선생님일수도 있고, 학생일수도 있고, 교수일수도 있고, 그냥 할머니일수도 있습니다. 누구를 딱히 겨냥한 에세이가 아닌 이상, 남녀노소, 그리고 사회적, 지위적 위치에 관계없이 누구나 편히 읽을 수 있는 에세이어야만 합니다. 따라서 너무 어려운 단어를 많이 쓰면 좋은 글이 될 수 없습니다. SAT 단어 같은 경우는 피하는 것이 좋습니다.

(물론 너무 쉬운 단어만 써도 문제가 됩니다. 적당히 섞어가면서 쓰셔야합니다.)



5. 한국어를 그대로 번역해서 쓰지 말자!



영어 원서로 된 소설이나 책들을 많이 읽어보라는 이유가 바로 이것 때문이죠. 영어식 표현을 많이 알아야 에세이를 쓸 때 무척 도움이 됩니다. 한국인들 중에 글은 잘 쓰는데 표현이 너무 한국식이라 좋은 점수를 못 받는 사람들이 많습니다. 이런 사람들은 반드시 영어로 된 책을 많이 읽어서 영어 표현법을 익혀야합니다.



6. 관계대명사도 너무 많이 쓰면 보기 싫어요!



관계대명사를 쓰지 말라는 것은 아닙니다. 하지만 너무 많이 쓰면 정말 지저분한 에세이가 됩니다. 예를 들어 설명하자면, Tom who is my best friend likes the pen which my mother who is fifty years old gave him. 라는 문장을 쓸 때 저렇게 쓰면 너무 눈 아프고 그다지 좋은 문장으로는 절대 안 보입니다. 그래서 다음과 같이 씁니다.

Tom, my best friend, likes the pen which my mother, 50, gave him. 되게 간편하죠? 아시겠지만 주어 + be 는 생략이 가능합니다. 그걸 이용해서 간략하고 짧게 쓰도록 합니다.



7. 예제 및 통계 자료는 에세이를 쓸 때 무척 도움이 된답니다!



에세이를 쓰는 목적은 여러가지가 있지만 대부분은 읽는 사람으로 하여금 내 에세이에 호감이 가도록 만드는 것입니다. 그렇기 때문에 남들도 신용할 수 있고 믿을 수 있는 정보를 에세이에 집어넣는다면 정말 독자들로부터 애정(?)을 받는 에세이가 될 것입니다. 예를 들면, '많은 사람들은 돈이 생기면 돈을 마구 써버리는 경향이 있다. 이러한 자세는 고쳐야할 것이다.' 라고 쓰는 것도 괜찮지만, 이것보다는 '심리학에 의하면 인간은 뜻 밖의 이득이 되는 무언가가 생겼을 때 그것을 무의식적으로 사용해버리는 경향이 있다고 한다. 하지만 이러한 경향은 확실히 좋지 못하기에 반드시 고쳐야할 부분이다.' 라고 쓰는 것이 독자로 하여금 좀 더 신뢰감을 주고 확신을 줄 수 있습니다. 이것 외에도, 내 경험을 바탕으로 써도 되고 책의 내용을 인용해도 상관없습니다. 물론 속담이나 격언을 사용해도 좋구요. 객관적인 정보 및 자료, 지식을 집어넣으면 되는 것이죠.



8. 10 이하의 숫자는 영어로, 그 이상은 그냥 숫자로 표기하세요!



에세이에서 10 이하의 숫자를 쓸 때는 영어로 표기하는 것이 더 좋습니다. 'I ate 2 apples.' 보다 'I ate two epples.' 가 더 보기 좋습니다. 그리고 10이 넘어갈 때, 그 때부터는 그냥 숫자로 쓰도록 합니다. 'Maybe I did it about thousand times.' 보다는 'Maybe I did it about 1000 times.' 가 더 보기 좋은 문장입니다.



9. 수동태 표현? 기러지마요~



수동태 표현을 무리하게 너무 많이 쓸 경우에도 문제가 됩니다. 사실 수동태 표현은 정말 수동적으로 일어난 일이나 아예 수동적 표현이 숙어처럼 쓰이는 경우를 제외하고는 쓸 필요가 없습니다. I am interested in Korea. 나 He is tired because of his hard work. 또는, He was killed by a crazy murderer 와 같이 아예 수동태가 숙어처럼 쓰이는 경우 또는 수동적인 일을 써야만 하는 경우에는 어쩔 수 없이 써야겠지만 그런 것이 아님에도 불구하고 그냥 막연히 수동태를 쓰는 것은 좋지 않습니다. She finished my homework. 를 굳이 My homework was finished by her. 이라고 쓸 필요는 없다는 이야기입니다. 웬만하면 이런 식의 수동태 문장은 피하는 것이 좋습니다.



10. 가장 중요한 것, 바로 독서!



한국어를 할 줄 안다고 해서 모든 한국 사람들이 글을 잘 쓰는 것은 아닙니다. 마찬가지로, 영어 역시 할 줄 안다고 해서 영어로 된 글을 다 잘 쓰는 것이 아닙니다. 그건 원어민들도 마찬가지입니다. 그럼 어떻게? 바로 책을 많이 읽어야합니다. 책을 많이 읽은 사람들이 확실히 표현 같은 건 어색해도 글은 정말 잘 씁니다. 즉 그들은 단순히 영어로 표현을 못할 뿐이지, 글 쓰는 방법은 알고 있다는 것입니다. 그럴 경우에는 시간만 조금 더 투자하면 금방 좋은 에세이를 써 낼 수 있지만, 거꾸로, 영어는 잘하지만 독서와는 담 쌓은 사람들은 시간 조금 가지고는 턱없이 부족합니다. 아무렴 독서를 꾸준히 해온 사람을 글 쓰기에서 어떻게 쉽게 이길 수 있을까요. 그래서 독서는 닥치는대로 하는 것이 좋습니다.

출처 : 네이버 지식인

영문법 100계명.hwp

I had a great time today as ever.

I've accomplished my goal 100% as always.

I love myself and my life.

I love my family and my colleagues.

I love my country and the world.

I love the universe.

I love my God.

Wife and daughter are in Daejeon for the missionary conference.

I've been very busy at work these days.

My 52 years in this world have been so exiciting.

I've had so many experiences and momories thereof.

The world is so beautiful around me.

The sky is so beautiful and all the sounds of nature fascinate me.

I bought some English books at the bookstore near my home on Sunday.

English books always make me happy.

All the animals on the National Geographics are great friends of mine.

They are so lovely.

Thank God for creating me here in this world.

Have a good time, Father.

개역개정판성경.txt

NIV_BIBLE.txt

 Day to Day English (다양한 일상 표현들)